Joshua Lederberg at work in a laboratory at the University of Wisconsin, October 1958

Taking Alien Life Seriously: The Origins of Exobiology

The search for extraterrestrial life began with an unexpected question: How could humans keep from destroying the evidence?
Illustration of Myosotis capitata in Flora Antarctica. Drawn and engraved by Walter Hood Fitch for Joseph Dalton Hooker,1844.

The Debate Over Pictures in Science

Botanical illustrations helped bring science to new audiences—but not every scientist welcomed the change.

How the Himalayan Blackberry Took Over the Pacific Northwest

The tangled history of an invasive plant and a scientist’s troubling quest to engineer a more efficient natural world.
A child reading about the phases and rings of Saturn

Science Lit for Kids Holds a Mirror Aloft

Over decades, books that rouse children’s interest in the natural world have morphed in style and approach—an evolution reflective of tectonic societal change.
Vannevar Bush

Science in War, Science in Peace: The Origins of the NSF

The 1950 establishment of a federal agency devoted to space, physics, and more belied a cross-party consensus that such disciplines were vital to national interest.
Italian physicist Alessandro Volta (1745-1827), demonstrating his pile (battery) to Napoleon in Paris, 1801.

Electric Fish and the First Battery

Allesandro Volta invented the voltaic pile, the earliest electric battery, in part because of his investigations into the torpedo, an electric ray fish.
Vienna, Austria. The Naturhistorisches (Natural History) Museum, Vienna

Natural History: A Reading List

This annotated bibliography samples scholarship on the rich—and difficult—history of natural history.
Sofia Kovalevskaya

Science in Defiance of the Tsar: The Women of the 1860s

Sofia Kovalevskaia became the first woman in Europe to obtain her doctorate in mathematics—but only after leaving Russia for Germany.
A typical page from the Archimedes Palimpsest after imaging

Archimedes Rediscovered: Technology and Ancient History

Advanced imaging technologies help scholars reveal and share lost texts from the ancient world.