Some of the chief defendants listening to the court summary at the Nuremberg War Trials. In the front row (from left to right) are Goering, Hess, von Ribbentrop, Keitel, Kaltenbrunner and Rosenberg. In the back row are Doenitz, Raeder, von Schirach and Sauckel.

In History, The Past is the Present is the Future

...holds that things inevitably get better over time. “Ethical Manichaeism and anti-utopianism are not inherent features of all retrospective politics but rather result from an underlying philosophy of history that...
Vintage engraving of The Bench, by William Hogarth. 1758, depicts four judges listening to a case in the Court of Common Pleas.

Does Law Exist to Provide Moral Order?

In 1959, as a response to what was commonly known as the Wolfenden Report, Lord Devlin, an English judge, delivered the Maccabaean Lecture in Jurisprudence at the British Academy. The...
Sunlight and Shadow by Albert Bierstadt

Do We Actually See Shadows?

As a student, I wondered why the eighth century monk Fridugisus of Tours read the Bible to prove the existence of shadows when he could see shadows on the page....
Two devadesis in Chennai, India, in the 1920s.

How South Asian Temple Dancers Fought Moral Reform

...colony of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Añcukam focused on stories of her predecessors, delved into Hindu philosophy, and ended with her own autobiography. Addressed to fellow devadāsīs, the book documents...
A Young Student at His Desk: Melancholy by Pieter Codde, 1633

The Anatomy of Melancholy at 400: Still Good Advice

...and Morall Philosophy, Philology, in Policy, Heraldry, Genealogy, Chronology &c.” As Shirilan writes, “The indiscriminate mixture of recreations both physical and intellectual reveals that, for Burton, the mind that ails...
Margo Williams
Author

Margo Williams

...respiratory infections. She holds a BA from Yale University in History of Science and Medicine and an MPhil from the University of Cambridge in History and Philosophy of Science. She...
A soldier in shadow, holding a gun

How Veterans Created PTSD

...of this philosophy would be accounting for PTSD’s influence on behavior if those behaviors should result in criminal convictions. In response, veteran treatment courts have cropped up around the country...
View of an airliner throughout stormy clouds and just inside a calm weather.

Why Climate-Change Geoengineering Feels Wrong

As the world wraps up the international climate conference, which has been called our “last, best chance” to throw the brakes on catastrophic climate change, it’s hard not to wonder:...
A scientist with staring eyes pours liquid from one test tube to another in

The Evolution of the Mad Scientist

...philosophy, which often hosted popular discussions of genius and insanity. In these papers, scientists, philosophers, and physicians provided an evolutionary rationale for associating genius with things like madness, degeneracy, and...
Scholar Reclining and Watching Rising Clouds, an illustration of a poem by Wang Wei

Wang Wei, Poet of Buddhist Emptiness

...exclusively on nature. According to Rafal Stepien, an expert on Chinese literature and philosophy, Wang Wei’s poetic impulse sprang from a deep engagement with Buddhist ideas, particularly the concept of...