In 1803, nearly two dozen orphan boys endured long voyages and physical discomfort to transport the smallpox vaccine to Spain's colonies.

Four major theories of disease transmission dominated scientific discourse in the nineteenth century. As one scholar writes, all were political.

Vienna's baroque Plague Column, completed in 1693, gave thanks for the survival of a city.

We should learn from, instead of repeating, the racist assignations of the past.

During the influenza pandemic, the Arizona city's police force fined and arrested people for not wearing face masks.

The degrowth movement is building a vision of a society where economies would get smaller by design—and people would be better off for it.