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“The earliest forms of written music date back to Sumerian cuneiforms,” writes Adam Baer in the Virginia Quarterly Review. He goes on: “by the end of the nineteenth century in America, sheet music was the chief way that popular songs were disseminated. … The birth of Tin Pan Alley, the name for the stretch of street in downtown New York City where the music publishers worked, made music writing big business. A successful song might sell up to 500,000 copies, eventually more than a million.”
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