The Vivisection of Humans, 1899

The Dangers of Animal Experimentation—for Doctors

Nineteenth-century opponents of vivisection warned that the practice could make researchers and physicians callous toward all living creatures.
Fredric Wertham

Fredric Wertham, Cartoon Villain

Wertham convinced 1950s America that comic books led to depravity. He also used his extremist views to raise money for an anti-racist clinic in Harlem.
Singapore Hokkien Street food stalls, 1971

Separated by a Common Language in Singapore

Singapore English is famous for its sentences that end with the particle lah. But what does it mean when people use the particle one instead?
Katherine Mansfield, c. 1914

Katherine Mansfield and Anton Chekhov

Living in exile in Germany, the young New Zealand writer Katherine Mansfield found solace in studying—and copying—Chekhov’s short stories.
Jimi Sadle (L) , botanist at Everglades National Park; and George D. Gann, chief conservation strategist for the Institute for Regional Conservation give a tour looking for plants endangered by the effects of climate change

Witnessing and Professing Climate Professionals

What are scientists to do? Psychiatrist Robert Jay Lifton and historian of science Naomi Oreskes consider the social responsibility of climate scientists.
From Orbis habitabilis oppida et vestitus, centenario numero complexa, summo studio collecta, atque in lucem edita à Carolo Allard, c. 1700

The Power of the Veil for Spanish Women

In sixteenth-century Spain, veiling allowed women to move freely through cities while keeping their identities private.
Illustration of a time when the Earth was being formed, known as the Hadean Period.

Crucial Building Blocks of Life on Earth Can More Easily Form in Outer Space

A special group of molecules, known as peptides, can form more easily under the conditions of space than those found on Earth.
An illustration depicting how to write certain characters in cursive from Art of Writing by John Jenkins, 1818

Before Palmer Penmanship

The creation and propagation of standard penmanship in the American education system is almost as old as the United States itself.
Group portrait of members of the Blackwell and Spofford families outside on a lawn. Photograph probably shows (back row, left to right): Dr. Emily Blackwell, Mr. Ainsworth Spofford, Alice Stone Blackwell, and Lucy Stone; (front row, left to right): Henry Browne Blackwell, Florence Spofford and Mrs. Sarah (Partridge) Spofford. (Source: similar image at Harvard University, Schlesinger Library, Blackwell Family Papers)

Archival Adventures in the Abernethy Collection

An archival collection shared by Middlebury College invites the curious to make connections across the history of American literature.
Dancer and nightclub owner Ada Bricktop Smith, 1959

Nightclubs, Fungus, and Curbing Gun Violence

Well-researched stories from Vox, The Conversation, and other great publications that bridge the gap between news and scholarship.