Close-up of sourdough starter and flour in jars

The Science of Sourdough: How Citizens Are Helping Shape the Future of Fermented Foods

Citizen scientists are drawing on personal experience to help researchers create new plant-based fermented foods and maximize their health benefits.
Lord Rosse's Great Reflecting Telescope, at Parsonstown, Ireland

Leviathan Resurrected: Illustration and Astronomy

In the 1840s, the Leviathan of Parsonstown, built by William Parsons, third Earl of Rosse, became the largest telescope in the world.
Vienna, Austria. The Naturhistorisches (Natural History) Museum, Vienna

Natural History: A Reading List

This annotated bibliography samples scholarship on the rich—and difficult—history of natural history.
The Sun's corona observed in extreme ultraviolet (131 Å)

Colliding Plasma Ejections From the Sun Generate Huge Geomagnetic Storms

Studying them will help scientists monitor future space weather.
Illustration from a Russian postal card of Luna 9

The First Lunar Lander and the Great Moon Dust Debate

In 1966, the Soviet Union’s Luna 9 became the first spacecraft to soft-land on the Moon, helping to resolve questions about the nature of the lunar surface.
A lump of peat used to make whiskey

Why Peat Is a Key Ingredient in Whisky and the Climate Crisis

Approximately 80 percent of Scotch whisky is made using peat as a fuel source for drying barley during the malting process. Is that a problem?
Artist’s conception of early star formation:

When Everything in the Universe Changed

The revolutionary James Webb Space Telescope and next-gen radio telescopes are probing what’s known as the epoch of reionization.
Icebergs towering over a sailing ship in Arctic waters.

The Open Polar Sea: Myth and Science at the North Pole

The idea of an open polar sea haunted the imaginations of European explorers and scientists alike in the nineteenth century.
Vanessa cardui

The Secrets of Butterfly Migration, Written in Pollen

Trillions of insects move around the globe each year. Scientists are working on new ways to map those long-distance journeys.
The far side of the moon

The Moon Might Be Older Than Scientists Previously Thought

A new study shines light on its history.