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Graham Shields

I have been a university academic my entire working life, first in Zurich, then in Strasbourg (France), Canada, Australia, Germany, China and now the UK. My background is isotope geology, and in particular towards illuminating the conditions under which complex life evolved on our planet. In this regard, I have worked on multiple aspects of Snowball Earth, the Cambrian explosions, mass extinctions and the global carbon cycle. I am the author of a recent book of popular science “Born of Ice and Fire”, published by Yale University Press, which examines the evidence for Snowball Earth, and goes on to frame a hypothesis about how tectonic uplift and ocean oxygenation contributed to early animal evolution.

An artist's representation of the Earth during Huronian Glaciation

Snowball Earth

How scientists discovered that unique Scottish rocks record when Earth was first encased in ice.