[{"id":39101,"date":"2026-08-27T09:37:29","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T13:37:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/?p=39101"},"modified":"2026-08-25T11:09:48","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T15:09:48","slug":"editors-picks-back-school","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/editors-picks-back-school\/","title":{"rendered":"Back to School"},"content":{"rendered":"

Students (and teachers) are returning to school. Whether you’re in front of the classroom or behind a desk, JSTOR Daily has you covered. We pulled together our favorite JSTOR Daily stories to examine effective study habits, why students need not fear the library, and how American public schooling began in the first place. All JSTOR Daily articles, including Syllabi<\/a>, Reading Lists<\/a>, and our Pedagogies<\/a> series, have free links to the supporting academic research. Browse many more JSTOR Daily stories on education, teaching, and learning here<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pedagogies and Teaching<\/h4>\n\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Humans\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Learning about Language: An In-Class Activity<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tMaria Rovito<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tOctober 10, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
A scholar of the medical humanities shares ideas for helping students discover how language shaped past cultural attitudes\u2014and still shapes them in the present.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Lies, Damn Lies, and\u2026Primary Sources?<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tNicole Donawho<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJuly 15, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
An instructor shares her approach for teaching students how to evaluate historical materials and claims of veracity made by their originators.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Still\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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The Case for Aesthetic Education<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tMarco Elvis Joven Dom\u00ednguez<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tAugust 5, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Why Friedrich Schiller believed art belongs at the heart of education\u2014and why it matters for equal opportunity today.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Doing Math with Intellectual Humility<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tThe Editors<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJanuary 24, 2024\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Math class is an opportunity to teach students both how to use conjecture to arrive at knowledge and how to learn from the logic of peers.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Three\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Musical Myth-Busting: Teaching Music History with JSTOR Daily<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tPallas Catenella Riedler<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tAugust 22, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Harnessing the power of quirk to engage students and inspire research in an online learning environment.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Malcolm\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Teaching US History with JSTOR Daily<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tSara Rzeszutek<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJanuary 5, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
A survey course may be the only college-level history course a student takes. Here's an easy way to incorporate fascinating scholarship.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Young\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Teaching Summary Skills with JSTOR Daily<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tNicole Donawho<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tDecember 11, 2023\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Helping students to summarize scholarly works starts with getting them to ask the right questions about the material and the purpose of the exercise.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"An\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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The Impact JSTOR in Prison Has Made on Me<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tTim Johnson<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJune 15, 2024\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Tim Johnson, serving a life sentence in North Carolina, shares how access to JSTOR creates opportunities that cultivate change in prison and beyond.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Is It Time to Reexamine Grading?<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tAmanda Parrish Morgan<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 2, 2020\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
There\u2019s compelling evidence for stronger student work and more meaningful instruction when grades in K-12 education are eliminated or made unrecognizable.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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How Homeschooling Evolved from Subversive to Mainstream<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tKatie Gilbert<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 8, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
The pandemic helped establish homeschooling as a fixture among educational options in the US. But it\u2019s been around\u2014and gaining in popularity\u2014for a while. <\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Paulo\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Paulo Freire\u2019s Pedagogy of the Oppressed<\/em> at Fifty<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLiza Featherstone<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 30, 2020\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
The Brazilian educator Paulo Freire\u2019s book, first published in English 50 years ago, urges viewing students as interlocutors or partners in the learning process.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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The Troubles with Tracking<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tDecember 11, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Educators have been debating academic tracking since the early years of the public high school.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Does Virtual Learning Work for Every Student?<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tAmanda Woytus<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tOctober 17, 2020\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Given Covid-19, schools have limited options for teaching kids. What\u2019s working and not working in the era of online learning?<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Young\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Scaffolding a Research Project with JSTOR<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tNicole Donawho<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tMay 6, 2024\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Use JSTOR resources and this five-step process to help students learn how to complete a scholarly research project. <\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"An\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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ADHD: The History of a Diagnosis<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tJess Romeo<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJuly 20, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has been a controversial diagnosis since it was first described, back in the 1940s.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Smokey\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Music Education and the Birth of Motown<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tNovember 7, 2020\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Music teachers in the Detroit public schools paved the way for the success of future Motown artists like Smokey Robinson and Mary Wilson of the Supremes.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Male\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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How Not to Teach Grammar<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tMay 18, 2020\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
When people with opinions and a platform rant about bad grammar, they're not helping, write two English professors.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Illustration:\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Why Would Parents Oppose Compulsory Education?<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tNovember 15, 2020\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
In Victorian England, reformers thought all children should go to school. That didn't sit well with everyone\u2014and not just kids.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Three Centuries of Distance Learning<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 13, 2020\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
We will probably remember 2020 as the time when distance education exploded. But the infrastructure that enabled this expansion was years in the making.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Pensive\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Asking Scholarly Questions with JSTOR Daily<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tNicole Donawho<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 22, 2024\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Help students develop analytic and scholarly questioning skills using a quick activity built on JSTOR Daily roundups and syllabi.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Boy\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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The Surprising History of Homework Reform<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tMay 29, 2020\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Really, kids, there was a time when lots of grownups thought homework was bad for you.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n

Reading Lists and Syllabi<\/h4>\n\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Colorful\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Rights of Nature: A Reading List<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tSam Firman<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJanuary 13, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
What would it mean for rivers, forests, and animals to have legal rights? A global movement is rethinking law\u2019s relationship to nature.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Panoramic\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Perspectives on Public Space: A Reading List<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tJesse McLaughlin<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tNovember 13, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
This list introduces some of the main debates about public space, from park politics to political protest, public expressions of sexuality to safety and security.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Cute\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Speculative Fiction: A Reading List<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tCamille Tinnin<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 10, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Speculative fiction, from Afrofuturism to Star Wars<\/i>, offers students tools and methods for analyzing social movements, power structures, and utopian thinking.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\""I\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Voting in American Politics: A Syllabus<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tThe Editors<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 18, 2024\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
From battles to expand the franchise to the mysteries of turnout, voting is one of the most important things to understand about US politics.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Rear\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Building Classroom Discussions around JSTOR Daily Syllabi<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tNicole Donawho<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tMay 15, 2024\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Help students develop discussion skills using JSTOR Daily syllabi and roundups as catalysts for classroom conversations.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"From\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Chicanx Studies: A Foundational Reading List<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tMichael Aguilar<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 26, 2024\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
The field of Chicanx studies continues to expand, embracing analyses of racialization, gender, sexuality, Indigineity, and trans-ethnic identity.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Motherhood in America: A Reading List<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tJenny Noyce<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJune 28, 2024\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
The experience and work of motherhood remained understudied for generations, but since the 1970s, scholars have engaged with the topic in diverse ways.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Comic\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Teaching Comics: A Syllabus<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tAshley Domingo Hendricks<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tAugust 11, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
So you want to teach The Sandman<\/em>? Or William Blake? Or Art Spiegelman\u2019s Maus<\/em>? A guide to using comics and graphic novels in the classroom.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"An\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Security Studies: A Syllabus<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tThe Editors<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJuly 14, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
National security, borders and migration, climate change and global food supplies, war and terrorism. These make up the academic field of security studies.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Intellectual Humility: Foundations and Key Concepts<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tThe Editors<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJanuary 24, 2024\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Research about intellectual humility has exploded in the past decade. Psychologist Elizabeth Krumrei-Mancuso offers an annotated bibliography of key texts.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Impression,\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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The Art of Impressionism: A Reading List<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tAllison C. Meier<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 10, 2024\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
What began as a defiant exhibition of rejected artists became one of the most influential movements in modern art.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Close-up\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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The History of Reproductive Rights: A Syllabus<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tThe Editors<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tMay 3, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
A selection of stories on the history of reproductive rights and abortion to foster dialogue inside and outside of the classroom.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Planet\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Climate Change: A Syllabus<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tThe Editors<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tNovember 9, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
A selection of stories to foster dialogue among students both inside and outside of the classroom.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"An\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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A True Crime Syllabus<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tNicole Donawho<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tDecember 31, 2023\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
How did we become so obsessed with \u201ctrue crime\u201d? This multidisciplinary syllabus shows how we view crime as a whole and how those views have changed over time.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"An\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Security Studies: Foundations and Key Concepts<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tEric Schewe<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJuly 14, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Security studies originated in the era of Cold War geopolitics and decolonization. This annotated bibliography introduces readers to scholarship in the field.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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From Imperialism to Postcolonialism: Key Concepts<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tBenjamin Linzy<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tAugust 8, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
An introduction to the histories of imperialism and the writings of those who grappled with its oppressions and legacies in the twentieth century.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"People\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Ukraine, Russia, and the West: A Background Reading List<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tThe Editors<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 26, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Research reports and scholarly articles on the history of the Ukraine\u2013Russia conflicts of the past and possible paths for peace.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"An\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Guns in America: Foundations and Key Concepts<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tAndrew McKevitt<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJuly 23, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
This non-exhaustive list of readings on the role of guns in US history and society introduces the field as a subject of scholarly inquiry.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Convicts\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Mass Incarceration: A Syllabus<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tThe Editors<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 17, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
This selection of stories focuses on prison and mass incarceration in the US, which has the highest rate of imprisonment in the world.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Austin\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Affirmative Action: Foundations and Key Concepts<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tSindy Lopez<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 28, 2019\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
This non-exhaustive reading list discusses the origins of affirmative action, the question of race vs. class, and the effects of meritocracy.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n

Around Campus<\/h4>\n\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Keep Portland Yearbook Photos Weird<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tMorgan Godvin<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tOctober 28, 2023\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Across thousands of images, Portland State University's yearbooks captured both society's upheaval and the city's cultural metamorphosis.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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When Men Join Cheer<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJuly 7, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
What happens when former football players, accustomed to practicing and playing in all-male environments, join gender-integrated cheerleading squads?<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Source:\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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When Harvard Students Couldn\u2019t Get Warm<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 11, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
The early heating systems of New England kept Harvard students cold until the early twentieth century.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Little Red Riding Hood On Campus: Women & Public Space<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tAshawnta Jackson<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 20, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
According to one criminologist, \u201cconstructing public space as dangerous to women ... reinforces traditional gender norms which emphasize women as vulnerable.\"<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Cover\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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The Campus Underground Press<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLiza Featherstone<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJanuary 6, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
The 1960s and 70s were a time of activism in the U.S., and therefore a fertile time for campus newspapers and the alternative press.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Historical\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Creating Communities for Disability Activism<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tMay 31, 2024\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
In the 1960s, young disabled people found each other at camps and colleges, creating ever-expanding networks for challenging discrimination. <\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"The\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Traditional Dance in the Limelight at Pilipino Culture Night<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tH.M.A. Leow<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJune 30, 2023\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Traditional dance offers Filipino Americans a sense of pride and legitimacy while allowing them to cherish different aspects of this heritage practice.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Ronald\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Ronald Reagan v. UC Berkeley<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 29, 2023\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
In the late 1960s, gubernatorial candidate Ronald Reagan made political hay by picking a fight with UC Berkeley over student protest and tenured \u201cradicals.\u201d<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n

Literacy, Libraries and (Banned) Books<\/h4>\n\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Enchanting Imposters<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tSara Ivry<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tOctober 15, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Johns Hopkins University\u2019s Bibliotheca Fictiva<\/em> Collection of Literary and Historical Forgery shows that humans have been creating fan fiction and fake news for millennia.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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How Libraries Stand the Test of Time<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tMaria Papadouris<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tAugust 21, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
The digital era builds upon millennia of librarianship as humans strive to preserve our cultural heritage.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"The\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Nella Larsen\u2019s Lessons in Library School<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tH.M.A. Leow<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tAugust 20, 2024\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Larsen\u2019s novels were influenced by her training in the New York Public Library system, where she faced rigid ideas about the racial classification of knowledge.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Women\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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When a Battle to Ban Textbooks Became Violent<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tAshawnta Jackson<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 27, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
In 1974, the culture wars came to Kanawha County, West Virginia, inciting protests over school curriculum.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"The\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Banning The Grapes of Wrath<\/em> in 1939 California<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 27, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
The Kern County, CA Board of Supervisors got a lesson in the Streisand Effect back in 1939, when they banned The Grapes of Wrath<\/em> from their libraries and schools.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Source:\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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How American Librarians Helped Defeat the Nazis<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tKatie McBride Moench<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tNovember 29, 2023\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Recruited to the war effort thanks to their deft research skills and technological know-how, librarians used microforms to gather and share intelligence with Allied forces.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Ella\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Women in Science Textbooks<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tOlivia Box<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tDecember 19, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
A team of scholars examined the seven most popular ecology textbooks. Guess what they didn't find? <\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Exploring\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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The Hidden History of Biology Textbooks\u00a0<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tJess Romeo<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 9, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
American biology textbooks supposedly became less scientific after the Scopes trial. One scholar argues that this isn't the whole story.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Mary\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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How Black Americans Fought for Literacy<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 5, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
From the moment US Army troops arrived in the South, newly freed people sought ways to gain education\u2014particularly to learn to read and write.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
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Who Decides Which Books Are \u201cGreat?”<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tOctober 11, 2019\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
The concept of \u201cGreat Books,\" the historian Tim Lacy explains, developed in the late nineteenth century as an attempt to foster a \u201cdemocratic culture.\u201d<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Boston\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

Out of the Card Catalog Closet<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tMatthew Wills<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tOctober 14, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Librarians gathered in 1970 to challenge Library of Congress classifications and catalog subject headings that aligned homosexuality with deviance.\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Two\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

Is Fan Fiction a Helpful Literacy Tool?<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tDecember 17, 2018\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Some teachers are adapting to the internet age by trying to understand the \"new literacies\" of today's students.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Andrew\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

When Melvil Dewey Pursued Andrew Carnegie\u2019s Millions<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tNovember 5, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
A clash of library enthusiasts ended with a sexual harassment scandal.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Librarians\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

Libraries and Pandemics: Past and Present<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tJulia Skinner<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 14, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
The 1918 influenza pandemic had a profound impact on how librarians do their work, transforming libraries into centers of community care. <\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Butler\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

Do You Suffer from Library Anxiety?<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tAlex Nunes<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 13, 2016\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
What is library anxiety? Librarians and experts discuss how technology is changing students' attitudes toward libraries and librarians.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n

Racism and Social Justice<\/h4>\n\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

Race, Fertility, and the Science of Slavery in Antebellum America<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tMatthew Wills<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 6, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Pseudoscience about mixed-race women\u2019s fertility helped justify slavery in nineteenth-century America.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Images\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

How America Racialized the Robot<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tMatthew Wills<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 21, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Early robots in the US evolved from symbols of revolt into racialized figures tied to labor and the legacy of slavery.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Alpha\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

Inside the First Indigenous Sorority<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tJulia M\u00e9traux<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tAugust 16, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Alpha Pi Omega, the first historically Native American sorority, supports Native students and creates cultural space for them on university campuses.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Classroom\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

Life in Indigenous Boarding Schools<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJuly 30, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Survivors of schools in the US spoke with scholars about their experiences of cruelty, neglect, and cultural degradation.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Berea\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

How a Southern College Tried to Resist Segregation<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tMatthew Wills<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tAugust 20, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
The founder of Kentucky's Berea College was an abolitionist. While he was alive, the school offered a free education for both Black and white students.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

Why Some Black Parents Choose Homeschooling<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLivia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tAugust 5, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Homeschooling has proved to be a valued alternative to the institutional racism often found in the classroom. But it offers something more, too.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Pee\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

How Black Communities Built Their Own Schools<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tAllison C. Meier<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tAugust 4, 2020\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Rosenwald schools, named for a philanthropist, were funded mostly by Black people of the segregated South.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"The\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

The Last Class, 28 Years Later<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tCharlotte West<\/a>\n\t\t\t and \n\t\t\tJohn Corley<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJune 15, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
What happened to the last of the Pell Grant-funded prison higher ed graduates and their paralegal skills? Open Campus's Charlotte West and Angolite associate editor John Corley report. <\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

The Case for Race-Conscious Affirmative Action<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tEboni Nelson<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 3, 2019\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Minority students in racially isolated schools have drastically less access to critical educational resources.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"A\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

What Makes a Fair College Admissions Process?<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tJulie J. Park<\/a>\n\t\t\t, \n\t\t\tChristine R. Yano<\/a>\n\t\t\t and \n\t\t\tNadirah Farah Foley<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 27, 2019\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
In the wake of the college admissions scandal, scholars go back to the drawing board to answer this most central question.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Oberlin\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

A Progressive College’s Complicated Relationship with Race<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tMatthew Wills<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 14, 2018\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Oberlin College was founded by religious idealists committed to abolitionism and integration. Then public attitudes began to shift.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Six\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

Even the Best Jim Crow School…Was Still a Jim Crow School<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tMatthew Wills<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 21, 2023\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Before Brown v. Board of Education, Black activists split between integrationist and separatist factions, particularly at New Jersey\u2019s Bordentown School. <\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n

And More<\/h4>\n\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"The\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

The Urgency of Indigenous Values<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tTim Brinkhof<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tApril 22, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
As global crises mount, religion scholar Philip P. Arnold argues the Haudenosaunee\u2019s Great Law of Peace offers a way out of the West\u2019s self-destructive path.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Source:\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

The Oral Histories of the AIDS Crisis<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tLiz Tracey<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJune 3, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
The voices of artists and activists illuminate the human experience behind the AIDS epidemic.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Bookshelves\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

Dark Academia\u2019s Roots Lie in the Campus Novel<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tAida Amoako<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tSeptember 8, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Revolving around student life, campus novels present a microcosm of the outside world, staged far from the humdrum of middle-class realities.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Boy\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

Skipping School for Harvest Camp<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tJulia M\u00e9traux<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tMay 20, 2022\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
As more young adults joined the military or worked in wartime industries, England turned to children to fill the growing gap in agricultural labor.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Women's\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

The Back-to-School Shopping Tradition in History<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tErin Blakemore<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tAugust 10, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
As more women went to college, department stores catered to them by setting up pop-up \"college shops\" every September.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Nicholas\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

Silence in the Face of Intellectual Conflagration<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tMatthew Wills<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tDecember 10, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
Columbia University President Nicholas Murray Butler's actions (and inaction) towards Nazi Germany spoke loudly, while he said nothing. <\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Annie\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

Annie M. Alexander: Paleontologist and Silent Benefactor<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tJess Romeo<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 7, 2021\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
An unsung patron of science whose deep pockets and passion for exploring led to the founding of two influential natural history museums.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Student\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t

When Home Ec Classes Borrowed Babies<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\tErin Blakemore<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\tJanuary 5, 2019\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
In the early-to-mid 20th century, foster children in Canada and elsewhere were placed in practice homes and cared for by home economics students.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Stories from JSTOR Daily about education, libraries, learning, and student life.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":338157,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8026,6],"tags":[8871,11017,6795,3044],"class_list":["post-39101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","category-education-and-society","tag-editors-picks","tag-higher-ed","tag-learning","tag-libraries","daily_series-roundup","daily_article_types-quick-reads"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBack to School - JSTOR Daily<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Stories from JSTOR Daily about education, libraries, learning, and student life.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/editors-picks-back-school\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Back to School - 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Its vines blanket trees and power lines, turning roadside clearings into walls of green. Over time, this landscape has given rise to the story of a \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/download\/treesearch\/6184.pdf\">vine that ate the South<\/a>,\u201d with kudzu framed as a menacing invader that swallows everything in its path. But kudzu\u2019s presence in the South is more complicated than this myth suggests. Brought to the region to address economic and environmental woes shaped by the ghost of plantation slavery, kudzu was later abandoned as shifting needs rendered the plant unnecessary. Though its purported usefulness was short-lived, kudzu has persisted in both the landscape and the collective memory of the South.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/44371185\">Kudzu (<em>Pueraria<\/em> <em>montana<\/em>)<\/a> is a perennial climbing vine native to East Asia, particularly China and Japan. It has broad leaves, organized in groups of three, and large, tuberous roots, which allow the plant to survive and regenerate even after its aboveground growth is removed. Under favorable conditions with plenty of rainfall and mild winters, <em>Pueraria montana<\/em> can grow as much as sixty feet in a season, with some reports alleging that its vines may extend by roughly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aces.edu\/blog\/topics\/invasive-species\/the-history-and-use-of-kudzu-in-the-southeastern-united-states\/\">twelve inches in a single day<\/a> during periods of rapid growth. Kudzu also fixes nitrogen through its symbiotic relationship with soil bacteria, allowing it to thrive in nutrient-poor or heavily disturbed soils. It is especially successful in sunny, open environments, such as forest edges, roadsides, and abandoned fields. As a result, kudzu is exceptionally skilled at flourishing in damaged landscapes.<\/p>\n\t\t<aside class=\"pull-quote center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pull-quote__text\">Decades of land abuse and exploitation left behind a scarred terrain uniquely prepared for the arrival of kudzu as a fast-growing pioneer plant.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/aside>\n\t\t\n<p>Kudzu\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07352680490505150\">characteristics<\/a> made it well suited to thrive in the southeastern United States. The plantation economy that developed in the American South institutionalized an intensely <a href=\"https:\/\/www.anthropocene-curriculum.org\/contribution\/repatterning-with-kudzu-reckoning-in-search-of-regeneration\">extractive relationship<\/a> with the land. As historian David Silkenat argues in his book <a href=\"https:\/\/global.oup.com\/academic\/product\/scars-on-the-land-9780197564226\"><em>Scars<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>Land:<\/em> <em>An<\/em> <em>Environmental<\/em> <em>History<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>Slavery<\/em> <em>in<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>American<\/em> <em>South<\/em><\/a>, Southern planters prioritized maximizing production through enslaved labor rather than sustaining the health and long-term productivity of the land. The result was a landscape repeatedly cleared and exhausted for cotton and other cash crops.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_338181\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-338181\" style=\"width: 1050px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-338181\" src=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/how_kudzu_was_supposed_to_save_the_south_1050.jpg\" alt=\"Kudzu leaves.\" width=\"1050\" height=\"1579\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-338181\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kudzu leaves. Getty<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>By the twentieth century, intensive farming practices had left the South dangerously vulnerable to erosion, producing depleted swaths of land where kudzu would later flourish. Kurt Kinbacher traces this history to an enduring American assumption that land was essentially limitless, citing a 1909 Bureau of Soils declaration that \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.library.uab.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1441&context=vulcan\">soil is one indestructible, immutable asset that the nation possesses<\/a>\u201d and \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.library.uab.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1441&context=vulcan\">the one resource that cannot be exhausted; that cannot be used up.<\/a>\u201d In reality, decades of land abuse and exploitation left behind a scarred terrain uniquely prepared for the arrival of kudzu as a fast-growing pioneer plant.<\/p>\n<p>The vine made its American debut as an exotic plant at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/4450608\">Philadelphia Centennial Exposition in 1876<\/a>, where it was displayed as part of the Japanese government\u2019s exhibition and first caught the attention of American gardeners. Seven years later, kudzu was <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/coming-up-kudzu\/\">brought to the South<\/a> as part of the New Orleans Exposition, where Southern gardeners took notice of its potential as an attractive ornamental vine they could use to <a href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/download\/treesearch\/6184.pdf\">provide much-needed shade<\/a> for porches and gardens. By the early 1900s, pioneering farmer C. E. Pleas had begun <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/44371185\">experimenting with the vine as feed<\/a> for his livestock in Florida, but by 1934, only about 10,000 acres of kudzu had been planted across the nation.<\/p>\n<p>Amid the crises of the Great Depression and mass soil erosion that devastated agricultural production, the United States began to view kudzu as a \u201cmiracle vine\u201d with the potential to save the South. In 1933, Congress <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aces.edu\/blog\/topics\/invasive-species\/the-history-and-use-of-kudzu-in-the-southeastern-united-states\/\">established the Soil Erosion Service<\/a>, which was later renamed the Soil Conservation Service and eventually became the Natural Resources Conservation Service.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"daily-explore story-list more-to-explore bg-color-gray\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"story-list-header\">More to Explore<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease image-left default \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__featured-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/the-himalayan-blackberry-and-the-dream-of-american-progress\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/himalayan_blackberry_1050x700.jpg\" class=\" wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/the-himalayan-blackberry-and-the-dream-of-american-progress\/\">How the Himalayan Blackberry Took Over the Pacific Northwest<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"byline\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/daily-author\/kari-traylor\/\">Kari Traylor<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\tJune 25, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subtitle\">The tangled history of an invasive plant and a scientist\u2019s troubling quest to engineer a more efficient natural world.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<p>The creation of this federal program helped spur a rapid expansion of kudzu across the South. <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.library.uab.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1441&context=vulcan\">Between 1935 and 1942<\/a>, federal nurseries distributed over 85 million kudzu seedlings to Southern landowners, and the government offered farmers up to $8 per acre to plant the vine on their land. The newly established Civilian Conservation Corps also planted kudzu seedlings along deforested roadsides, which were particularly vulnerable to soil erosion. Popular enthusiasm grew alongside government support, driven in part by figures such as Georgia journalist and radio show host <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/30033969\">Channing Cope<\/a>, who created the \u201cKudzu Club of America\u201d and championed the vine as the region\u2019s economic savior. By 1946, approximately 3 million acres of kudzu had been planted on farmland across the Southeast.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_338182\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-338182\" style=\"width: 1050px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/community.42457375\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-338182\" src=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/how_kudzu_was_supposed_to_save_the_south_2_1050.jpg\" alt=\"Kudzu for erosion control via JSTOR \" width=\"1050\" height=\"827\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-338182\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kudzu for erosion control via JSTOR<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>At the time, the strategy appeared successful. One study conducted at the Soil Conservation Service\u2019s experiment station at Watkinsville, Georgia, found that \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/44371185\">land under kudzu had nearly 80 percent less water runoff and over 99percent less soil loss than land under cotton.<\/a>\u201d Kudzu seemed to offer exactly what the South needed: a fast-growing, inexpensive plant that reinvigorated depleted Southern soil while producing a useful crop.<\/p>\n<p>But as post-WWII agriculture shifted toward chemical fertilizers, herbicides, and heavy machinery, the need for kudzu decreased rapidly, and the federal government retracted its support for the crop. In 1953, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.library.uab.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1441&context=vulcan\">removed kudzu<\/a> from its list of cover plants permissible under the Agricultural Conservation Program. By 1962, the Soil Conservation Service had reversed its earlier support, recommending that the vine only be planted <a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.library.uab.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1441&context=vulcan\">far from developed areas.<\/a> In 1972, the USDA <a href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/download\/treesearch\/6184.pdf\">listed kudzu as a common weed<\/a> in the South, and in 1997, it was added to the Federal Noxious Weed List, effectively <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26236894\">prohibiting the interstate transport of kudzu<\/a> without approval from the Secretary of Agriculture.<\/p>\n<p>Federal abandonment of kudzu left the plant to spread along the unmanaged margins of the region, sparking exaggerated fears about its unchecked growth. Popular media and Southern folklore frequently claimed that kudzu was swallowing <a href=\"https:\/\/agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov\/2009\/jul\/fungus\">150,000 new acres every year<\/a> and had overtaken anywhere from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/science-nature\/kudzu-love-it-or-run-68095358\/?itm_source=related-content&itm_medium=parsely-api\">7 to 9 million acres across the region<\/a>. According to naturalist Bill Finch, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/science-nature\/true-story-kudzu-vine-ate-south-180956325\/\">kudzu\u2019s threat to Southern landscapes has been exaggerated<\/a>. Finch argues that because kudzu is most aggressive along roads, railways, and forest edges, the vine has become hyper-visible in the age of the automobile. In reality, Finch notes that the reach of the sun-loving vines does not extend far beyond these brightly lit edge habitats. Data from the Forest Service tentatively confirms Finch\u2019s hypothesis, suggesting that kudzu occupies around <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/science-nature\/true-story-kudzu-vine-ate-south-180956325\/\">227,000 acres of Southern land<\/a>, just a small fraction of the millions of acres it has been said to cover.<\/p>\n\n\t<div class=\"daily_email_signup weekly-digest \">\n\t\t<h4>Weekly Newsletter<\/h4>\n\t\t<script>\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof 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value='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' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_17' id='gform_target_page_number_17' value='0' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_17' id='gform_source_page_number_17' value='1' \/>\n <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n \n <\/div>\n <p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>Δ<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_1\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"182\"\/><script>\ndocument.getElementById( \"ak_js_1\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );\n<\/script>\n<\/p><\/form>\n <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>The dramatic gap between public perception and ecological reality reveals how deeply kudzu has become embedded in Southern memory. For generations of Southerners, the vine has been a familiar feature of roadsides and rural landscapes. <a href=\"https:\/\/research.fs.usda.gov\/download\/treesearch\/6184.pdf\">Writers<\/a> have used it to evoke Southern identity and decline, while others have looked to the plant as a symbol of the region\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/science-nature\/true-story-kudzu-vine-ate-south-180956325\/\">stubborn resilience<\/a>. As <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26236894\">Derek H. Alderman and Donna G. Alderman argue<\/a>, people use kudzu as a metaphor for a range of social and environmental issues, and the plant has become a cultural lens through which Southerners understand environmental threats beyond the vine itself.<\/p>\n<p>Kudzu\u2019s reputation, then, tells us as much about the changing South as it does about the plant itself. Its shifting roles show how human needs can reshape the meaning and understanding of a plant. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.doaks.org\/research\/plant-humanities-initiative\">The Plant Humanities Initiative at Dumbarton Oaks<\/a> asks us to consider precisely these entangled relationships between plants and people, prompting us to examine the many meanings that grow around them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Before it became a notorious invasive plant, kudzu was promoted as a solution to widespread soil erosion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":338179,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5707,2306],"tags":[5224,21],"class_list":["post-337483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-plantsanimals","category-science","tag-american-south","tag-plants","daily_series-plant-of-the-month","pub_tag-geographical-review","pub_tag-southeastern-geographer","pub_tag-southern-cultures","pub_tag-the-american-biology-teacher","daily_article_types-quick-reads"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - 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It may strike when we\u2019re reading a dry philosophy text, watching a Disney movie with our kids for the millionth time, or filling out repetitive paperwork. Psychology researcher Erin C. Westgate argues that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/48594244\">boredom, like pain, is a signal that something has gone wrong<\/a>. But what we should do about it depends on what kind of boredom we\u2019re talking about.<\/p>\n<p>Westgate outlines the meaning-and-attentional components (MAC) model of boredom. As the name suggests, it presents boredom as having two kinds of sources. We can <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/on-embracing-boredom\/\">get bored<\/a> when the thing we\u2019re doing feels like it has <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/ancient-monks-got-that-quarantine-feeling-too\/\">no salient goal or meaning<\/a>, or when we simply can\u2019t pay attention.<\/p>\n\t\t<aside class=\"pull-quote center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pull-quote__text\">If boredom is caused by meaninglessness, it may help to adjust our mental model of our goals.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/aside>\n\t\t\n<p>That second type, attentional boredom, involves the alignment between our cognitive capacity and the task at hand. When these are well aligned, it could look like energetically tackling a tricky work assignment, or relaxing after a long day by watching a formulaic sitcom. In contrast, we might get bored either by watching the sitcom when we\u2019re ready for a challenge or by trying to do the hard task when we\u2019re already drained.<\/p>\n<p>In experiments, Westgate and her colleagues have found that attention and meaning are independent predictors of boredom\u2014we get bored if either is missing. Attentional boredom tends to cause mind wandering and sometimes agitation and frustration. Meaningless boredom is more likely to result in sadness, loneliness, a sense that time is dragging, and a desire to disengage. It\u2019s also possible to experience mixed boredom, when both attention and meaning are lacking.<\/p>\n\n\t<div class=\"daily_email_signup weekly-digest \">\n\t\t<h4>Weekly Newsletter<\/h4>\n\t\t\n <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_17' >\n <div class='gform_heading'>\n <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class='gform_required_legend'>"<span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span>" indicates required fields<\/p>\n <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data' id='gform_17' action='\/?after=2026-08-06T00%3A00%3A00&page=3&rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts' data-formid='17' novalidate>\n <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_17' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><div id=\"field_17_6\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-honeypot gform_validation_container 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value='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' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_17' id='gform_target_page_number_17' value='0' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_17' id='gform_source_page_number_17' value='1' \/>\n <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n \n <\/div>\n <p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>Δ<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_2\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"180\"\/><script>\ndocument.getElementById( \"ak_js_2\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );\n<\/script>\n<\/p><\/form>\n <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>Depending on what\u2019s causing boredom, Westgate offers several types of action we might take to respond to the signal it\u2019s sending us:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Regulate cognitive demands: To improve our ability to pay attention, we might make a task easier\u2014perhaps by breaking it into smaller pieces\u2014or harder\u2014for example, by setting a timer and working as fast as possible.<\/li>\n<li>Regulate cognitive resources: To improve the mental energy we bring to a task that\u2019s a bit too demanding, we might get better sleep, drink caffeine, or, in the longer term, get more practice. Conversely, Westgate notes that a time-honored, if suboptimal, solution for understimulation is reducing one\u2019s cognitive capacity by drinking on the job.<\/li>\n<li>Regulate goal value: If boredom is caused by meaninglessness, it may help to adjust our mental model of our goals. For example, <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/why-school-is-boring\/\">students<\/a> may be able to better focus on a task if they see how it contributes to their long-term educational objectives.<\/li>\n<li>Switch activities: In some cases, the best choice may be to find something different to do. If you\u2019re understimulated or feeling a sense that your task has no meaning, it may help to seek more novelty and complexity. If you\u2019re bored because a task is too hard, it may be more appealing to find something easy and enjoyable. However, doing that on a regular basis may mean engaging in less of the cognitive work that can help build more capacity, leading to greater boredom in the long run.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So when boredom strikes, the first question may not be how to get rid of it, but why it\u2019s happening in the first place.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Psychology suggests that boredom is a signal. Understanding its cause can help us decide how to respond.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":338152,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5708,2306],"tags":[129,719],"class_list":["post-338053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-science","tag-mental-health","tag-psychology","pub_tag-directions-in-psychological-science","daily_article_types-quick-reads"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Not All Boredom Is the Same - JSTOR Daily<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Psychology suggests that boredom is a signal. 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Contact her on Twitter @liviagershon."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/338053","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=338053"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/338053\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":338133,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/338053\/revisions\/338133"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/338152"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=338053"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=338053"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=338053"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":337883,"date":"2026-08-24T09:23:15","date_gmt":"2026-08-24T13:23:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/?p=337883"},"modified":"2026-08-17T15:58:24","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T19:58:24","slug":"the-logistics-that-powered-the-vietnam-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/the-logistics-that-powered-the-vietnam-war\/","title":{"rendered":"The Logistics That Powered the Vietnam War"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The American war in Vietnam (1955\u20131975) is not typically viewed from the perspective of infrastructural power and the logistics of empire. But, as geographer Wesley Attewell argues, the war \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/27066964\">catalyzed a revolution in imperial logistics<\/a>,\u201d requiring enormous transpacific flows of commodities and bodies, living and dead.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMany of the specific technologies and calculative practices\u2014just-in-time systems, containerization, and the like\u2014that are now synonymous with logistics were first developed by the US military during World War II,\u201d continues Attewell. But Vietnam saw more than just refinement of such logistical reach and power\u2014it was a combat-contextual \u201cstress-test\u201d of \u201ca deep hybridization of military and market methods\u201d for \u201cwaging war across transnational space.\u201d<\/p>\n\t\t<aside class=\"pull-quote center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pull-quote__text\">One American general likened the buildup to the transportation of an entire American city across 10,000 miles.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/aside>\n\t\t\n<p>As an example, the first automated, computerized \u201ctransportation command and control system of its kind\u201d was developed as the US ramped up military involvement in 1965. That was the first year combat troops\u2014as opposed to \u201cmilitary advisors\u201d\u2014were deployed. Some 3,500 Marines arrived in early March; six months later the combat force would stand at some 125,000. Three years later, in 1968, a peak of 536,100 troops was reached. One American general likened the buildup to the transportation of an entire American city across 10,000 miles.<\/p>\n<p>Long before the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/the-dark-truth-about-blackwater\/\">militarized subcontracting of the Gulf Wars<\/a> became a scandal, Vietnam witnessed the first private contract in an active theater of war. A consortium of four companies, operating as Raymond Morrison Knudsen-Brown and Root and Jones (RMK-BRJ), handled what was then the largest construction project in the world. They constructed enormous \u201clogistics islands\u201d of defensible airfields, deep-water ports, and distribution complexes. In addition to the military material, the delivery of commercial goods from the US Agency for International Development (USAID) made for very crowded facilities.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"daily-explore story-list more-to-explore bg-color-gray\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"story-list-header\">More to Explore<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease image-left default \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__featured-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/the-birth-of-the-modern-american-military-hospital\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/the_birth_of_the_modern_american_military_hospital_1050x700.jpg\" class=\" wp-post-image\" alt=\"Patients stand in the Red Cross building in Walter Reed Hospital, c. WWI\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/the-birth-of-the-modern-american-military-hospital\/\">The Birth of the Modern American Military Hospital<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"byline\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/daily-author\/julia-metraux\/\">Julia M\u00e9traux<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMay 29, 2023\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subtitle\">The founding of Walter Reed General Hospital at the beginning of the twentieth century marked a shift in medical care for military personnel and veterans.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<p>(Texas-based <a href=\"https:\/\/www.texasobserver.org\/731-the-candidate-from-brown-and-root\/\">Brown and Root<\/a> was a major backer of the political career of Lyndon Johnson, the president who exponentially increased the US presence in Vietnam. Brown and Root later became a subsidiary of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.icij.org\/investigations\/windfalls-war\/halliburton-contracts-balloon\/\">Halliburton<\/a>, whose former CEO, Dick Cheney, was Vice President of the US from 2001\u20132009.)<\/p>\n<p>RMK-BRJ also hired both unskilled locals and more specialized \u201cThird-Country Nationals\u201d( TCNs), mostly from South Korea and the Philippines. As subcontractors, these workers were outside the purview and responsibility of the US and its military.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat emerged was a familiar hierarchy of racialized labor, which ranked white workers above South Koreans and Filipinxs, who were themselves deemed more \u2018advanced\u2019 than the Vietnamese,\u201d writes Attewell. Collective action was thus intentionally undermined. Nonetheless, antagonisms between the groups and their treatment by Americans resulted in a \u201cmilitant politics of resistance, rooted in a dynamic geography of strikes, blockades, and walkouts.\u201d Racially stereotyped as \u201cdocile and malleable,\u201d these workers were anything but. Such \u201cfriction\u201d in the logistical gears has not been represented in American portrayals of the war.<\/p>\n<p>Attewell gives some examples of the labor problems. In 1966, 129 militant women dockers were fired by RMK-BRJ, one of the factors that led to a Saigon dock strike at the end of that year. A protest over the food served to South Koreans at the Cam Ranh Bay complex turned violent in late 1967. The \u201chardcore troublemakers\u201d were sent home to Korea, which, as a source of recruitment, also saw its share of labor unrest over jobs in Vietnam. Conflicts at Newport, a small dock a couple of miles from the center of Saigon that was massively upscaled to a deepwater facility between 1965\u20131967, made for another \u201ccauldron of logistical friction.\u201d A 1971 strike at Newport reduced daily port operations by three-fourths.<\/p>\n\n\t<div class=\"daily_email_signup weekly-digest \">\n\t\t<h4>Weekly Newsletter<\/h4>\n\t\t\n <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_17' >\n <div class='gform_heading'>\n <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class='gform_required_legend'>"<span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span>" indicates required fields<\/p>\n <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data' id='gform_17' action='\/?after=2026-08-06T00%3A00%3A00&page=3&rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts' data-formid='17' novalidate>\n <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div 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value='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' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_17' id='gform_target_page_number_17' value='0' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_17' id='gform_source_page_number_17' value='1' \/>\n <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n \n <\/div>\n <p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>Δ<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_3\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"153\"\/><script>\ndocument.getElementById( \"ak_js_3\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );\n<\/script>\n<\/p><\/form>\n <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>Vietnamese labor unions were in the thick of it, both blessed by the largess and cursed by the exploitative system. Infrastructure was also gendered, with Vietnamese women \u201cmeant to satisfy the \u2018private\u2019 needs\u2014food, care, intimacy, and sex\u2014of US soldiers.\u201d Attewell notes that \u201cmaids were just as militant as dockers, truckers, or warehouse workers.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Conditions changed with waning US involvement in the early 1970s, although here too conflict arose. When the 12-hour dockyard shifts were reduced to 10-hour, workers felt their already precarious standards of living threatened.<\/p>\n<p>When the North Vietnamese overran Saigon at the end of April 1975, the infrastructure left behind by the US was a sprawling complex of facilities, acres of concrete, stockpiles of weapons, pervasive toxic pollution\u2014and abandoned allies, including the TCNs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Vietnam War became a testing ground for private contractors and military systems that still shape conflict today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":338150,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,11137],"tags":[4825,818],"class_list":["post-337883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","category-world-history","tag-military","tag-vietnam-war","pub_tag-american-quarterly","daily_article_types-quick-reads"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Logistics That Powered the Vietnam War - JSTOR Daily<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Vietnam War became a testing ground for private contractors and military systems that still shape conflict today.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/the-logistics-that-powered-the-vietnam-war\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Logistics That Powered the Vietnam War - JSTOR Daily\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Vietnam War became a testing ground for private contractors and military systems that still shape conflict today.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/the-logistics-that-powered-the-vietnam-war\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"JSTOR Daily\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JSTOR.org\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/matthew.wills.9465\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-24T13:23:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the_logistics_that_powered_the_vietnam_war_1050x700.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1050\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"700\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Matthew Wills\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@JSTOR_Daily\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@JSTOR_Daily\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/daily.jstor.org\\\/the-logistics-that-powered-the-vietnam-war\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/daily.jstor.org\\\/the-logistics-that-powered-the-vietnam-war\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Matthew Wills\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/daily.jstor.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/79555175827fa94c76561265141d66e7\"},\"headline\":\"The Logistics That Powered the Vietnam War\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-08-24T13:23:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/daily.jstor.org\\\/the-logistics-that-powered-the-vietnam-war\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":749,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/daily.jstor.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/daily.jstor.org\\\/the-logistics-that-powered-the-vietnam-war\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/daily.jstor.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/the_logistics_that_powered_the_vietnam_war_1050x700.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"military\",\"Vietnam War\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Politics & History\",\"World History\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/daily.jstor.org\\\/the-logistics-that-powered-the-vietnam-war\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/daily.jstor.org\\\/the-logistics-that-powered-the-vietnam-war\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Logistics That Powered the Vietnam War - 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Japanese laborers had been migrating to Hawaii since the 1890s, mainly to work on sugar plantations. Even though public schooling became compulsory in 1896, the language barrier and the remote location of many plantations led to gaps in access to these laborers\u2019 formal education.<\/p>\n\t\t<aside class=\"pull-quote center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pull-quote__text\">Japanese Christian leaders were quick to establish independent schools that offered a Japanese-style curriculum in the afternoons.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/aside>\n\t\t\n<p>Eager to remedy this social problem, Japanese Christian leaders were quick to establish independent schools that offered a Japanese-style curriculum in the afternoons. The Christian missionaries who established these schools in the 1890s saw education as a way to improve the <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/christmastime-in-1960s-japan\/\">perception of their religion<\/a>, which had been <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/30234175\">proscribed for centuries in Japan<\/a>, as well as an opportunity to win converts from the mainly <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/when-buddhism-came-to-america\/\">Buddhist Japanese community<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Buddhist clergy quickly responded\u2014opening schools in Hilo and Kona in 1898 and in Honolulu in 1902, and sparking a showdown between leaders of both religions. \u201cAs competition between religious sects became more intense, it involved the entire Japanese community\u2026 prompting some parents to establish secular schools,\u201d Asato writes.<\/p>\n<p>By 1909, unaffiliated schools made up more than two-fifths of all Japanese language schools. Besides concerns over indoctrination, parents supported independent schools because the growth of religious schools \u201ccaus[ed] an enormous financial burden on the immigrant community,\u201d which was expected to fund these institutions, she explains.<\/p>\n<p>Tension around the role of religion in these schools was matched by a clash between the <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/the-blus-hanging-controversy\/\">Japanese community<\/a> and the white business and political elite in Hawaii. Plantation owners initially threw their weight behind temples, churches and schools as \u201cincentives for laborers to settle,\u201d as Asato puts it, and saw Buddhist Bishop Yemy\u043e\u0304 Imamura\u2019s intervention in a strike in 1904 as proof that Buddhism yielded compliant workers.<\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, the Christian Hawaiian Evangelical Association sought to curtail its Buddhist rivals by telling the Department of Public Instruction that Buddhist schools \u201copposed the Americanism that Hawaii\u2019s public schools had been nurturing,\u201d Asato writes.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"daily-explore story-list bg-color-gray\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"story-list-header\">More to Explore<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease image-left default \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__featured-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/how-public-schools-americanized-hawaii\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"699\" src=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/how_public_schools_americanized_hawaii_1050x700.jpg\" class=\" wp-post-image\" alt=\"Native Hawaiian schoolchildren around 1900.\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/how-public-schools-americanized-hawaii\/\">How Public Schools “Americanized” Hawai\u2018i<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"byline\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/daily-author\/livia-gershon\/\">Livia Gershon<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 3, 2020\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subtitle\">Colonial education administrators recruited teachers from the mainland, but soon realized another strategy was in order.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<p>Representatives of the Japanese government were also drawn into the controversy.\u00a0Despite Education Vice-Minister Seitar\u043e\u0304 Sawayanagi\u2019s mandate that overseas education promote Japanese values, local diplomats like the Honolulu consul general \u201coften deliberately ignored Sawayanagi\u2019s 1906 order whenever they encountered resistance.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>After all, opposition to Japanese language schools was mounting among the American public. \u201cMany white public school teachers claimed they felt threatened to see the majority of their students \u2018move\u2019 to a nearby Japanese language school right after public school hours, where they imagined alien teachers subverted their democratic lessons,\u201d Asato explains.<\/p>\n<p>The Hawaii Japanese Education Association was formed in 1915 to allay these concerns. The group revised the Japanese syllabus to include pro-American content, including a textbook chapter that told students: \u201cFuture American citizens, do not bring a stain upon <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/racial-hierarchies-japanese-american-immigrants-in-california\/\">the name of the fatherland<\/a> and do not disgrace your ancestor’s name.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Yet these efforts were not enough to stave off a broader American campaign against all foreign language schools\u2014including Japanese schools, which one report in 1920 characterized as \u201ccenters of an influence which, if not distinctly anti-American, is certainly un-American.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\t<div class=\"daily_email_signup weekly-digest \">\n\t\t<h4>Weekly Newsletter<\/h4>\n\t\t\n <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_17' >\n <div class='gform_heading'>\n <p 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type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_17' id='gform_target_page_number_17' value='0' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_17' id='gform_source_page_number_17' value='1' \/>\n <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n \n <\/div>\n <p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>Δ<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_4\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"90\"\/><script>\ndocument.getElementById( \"ak_js_4\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );\n<\/script>\n<\/p><\/form>\n <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>Aiming to counter Buddhists\u2019 influence in the community, Japanese Christians appealed to this nativist sentiment. Their push to move Japanese language lessons into the public school system succeeded, leading to inaugural classes at McKinley High in 1924 and Maui High in 1925.<\/p>\n<p>All the same, language schools continued to hold their own, with more than 200 institutions enrolling more than 40,000 students in 1940. Only when war between the United States and Japan broke out the next year were Japanese schools in Hawaii forcibly closed.<\/p>\n<p>Thankfully, <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/how-heritage-bilinguals-change-heritage-bilinguals-and-the-second-language-classroom\/\">\u201cforeign language\u201d education<\/a> has since made a comeback. Japanese is now studied by tens of thousands of American schoolchildren\u2014especially in California, Oregon, Washington and Hawaii, states with larger Japanese American populations. \u201c[S]tudying the history of Japanese language schools in Hawaii,\u201d writes Asato, \u201cshould contribute historical depth to Japanese language studies by elucidating our long and complex origins as providers of foreign and\/or heritage language education.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Political and religious leaders battled for influence through the education of Japanese immigrant children.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":311,"featured_media":338083,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8026,6],"tags":[1318,5833,6630],"class_list":["post-337126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","category-education-and-society","tag-education","tag-hawaii","tag-japanese-americans","pub_tag-japanese-journal-of-religious-studies","daily_article_types-quick-reads"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Why Hawaii Put Japanese into Public Schools - JSTOR Daily<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Political and religious leaders battled for influence through the education of Japanese immigrant children.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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Leow"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/311"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=337126"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":337953,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337126\/revisions\/337953"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/338083"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=337126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=337126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=337126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":337972,"date":"2026-08-20T09:32:58","date_gmt":"2026-08-20T13:32:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/?p=337972"},"modified":"2026-08-18T10:50:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T14:50:09","slug":"the-culture-wars-of-the-phantom-of-the-opera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/the-culture-wars-of-the-phantom-of-the-opera\/","title":{"rendered":"The Culture Wars of <em>The Phantom of the Opera<\/em>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>When it premiered in London in 1986 and expanded to Broadway two years later, Andrew Lloyd Webber\u2019s <em>Phantom of the Opera<\/em> was not just a blockbuster thanks to its Gothic plot, operatic score, and the star power of its main cast (Sarah Brightman and Michael Crawford, who originated the roles of Christine and the Phantom for both runs), as well as Andrew Lloyd Webber himself. Rather, it became a leading subject of what we would now call \u201ca culture war\u201d over political, artistic, and cultural-historical questions.<\/p>\n<p>Notably, the musical was reflective of the politics of the Thatcher and Reagan era, and by virtue of being the work of an English composer, it was also the latest entry in a wave of non-US productions threatening the supremacy of Broadway-native musicals and plays. When it opened on Broadway in 1988, it joined <em>Starlight Express<\/em>, <em>Cats<\/em>, <em>Me and My Girl<\/em>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/victor-hugo-surrealist-artist\/\"><em>Les Mis\u00e9rables<\/em><\/a> in the ranks of non-US productions dominating the Broadway lineup. As a result, when it premiered, parochialism-driven vitriol was expected on the US side. However, \u201cIt is too simplistic to suggest that British reviewers were uniformly supportive of Lloyd Webber and that Americans were uniformly hostile,\u201d writes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/24252307\">Amanda Eubanks Winkler<\/a> in <em>Cambridge Opera Journal<\/em>. \u201cIssues of politics, economics, taste and class implicitly or explicitly shaped the critical response to <em>Phantom<\/em> on both sides of the pond.\u201d<\/p>\n\t\t<aside class=\"pull-quote center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pull-quote__text\">\u201cWebber\u2019s financial success, his role as a player in the capitalist system, was entirely incompatible with true artistry.”<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/aside>\n\t\t\n<p>In the first place, Andrew Lloyd Webber was a noted conservative. \u201cLloyd Webber’s political affiliation was already well known in the mid-1980s, around the time of <em>Phantom<\/em>‘s premiere, as the composer had become a vocal advocate for Tory policy, particularly tax reform,\u201d explains Winkler. \u201cHe also deployed his compositional gifts to serve the Conservative cause: in 1987, for instance, he provided music for Margaret Thatcher’s Party Election Broadcast to accompany a montage of Thatcher meeting with world leaders and engaging in other acts of statesmanship.\u201d By 1988, when <em>Phantom<\/em> debuted on Broadway, the Reagan-era consumer culture and flashy opulence were on their way out, so the ornate, maximalist sets and the lush orchestrations felt off-key to reviewers. Using a review by pianist John Eaton in <em>The Washington Post<\/em> as a starting point, Winkler reflects on how \u201cWebber\u2019s financial success, his role as a player in the capitalist system, was entirely incompatible with true artistry\u2014a rebuke against Reagan’s economic policies that sought to commodify the arts and saw little value in public subsidy.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Commercially, the production was a success from day one, but outlets like <em>The Village Voice<\/em> chalked its popularity up to the middlebrow tastes of its audience, \u201cimplicat<span class=\"text-token-text-primary cursor-text rounded-sm\" data-placeholder-token=\"true\">[ing] the artistically ignorant bourgeois consumers who made <em>Phantom<\/em> a hit,\u201d writes Winkler.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>By contrast, the UK press, especially conservative and Thatcher-adjacent outlets (including <em>The Daily Express<\/em>, <em>The Daily Mail<\/em>, and <em>The Daily Telegraph<\/em>), was largely supportive of Webber\u2019s success, often serving as its de facto cheerleader, with criticisms directed at <em>New York Times<\/em> critics and headlines like \u201cHow Brits Keep Broadway in Business.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u201cCertainly Lloyd Webber’s string of successful shows in the 1980s could be seen (and was seen by Thatcher) as triumphant exemplars of her free market philosophy,\u201d writes Winkler.<\/p>\n<p><em>The Financial Times<\/em> went so far as to call Webber a \u201cromantic, operatic composer,\u201d a description that reflects the cultural debate that <em>Phantom<\/em> embodied and exemplified.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"daily-explore story-list more-to-explore bg-color-gray\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"story-list-header\">More to Explore<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease image-left default \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__featured-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/the-hidden-grief-of-american-musicals\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"701\" src=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/the_hidden_grief_of_american_musicals_1050x700.jpg\" class=\" wp-post-image\" alt=\"From the cover of Unstaged Grief: Musicals and Mourning in Midcentury America by Jake Johnson.\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/the-hidden-grief-of-american-musicals\/\">The Hidden Grief of American Musicals<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"byline\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/daily-author\/tim-brinkhof\/\">Tim Brinkhof<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\tJuly 8, 2026\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subtitle\">Musicology professor Jake Johnson argues that beneath the bright songs and happy endings of midcentury musicals lay the grief and anxieties of postwar America.\r\n<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<p><em>Phantom<\/em> also engaged with traditional art forms. \u201cThis is a work that foregrounds a dialogue with the past. It features an operatic, lushly orchestrated, almost through-sung score, and music heavily outweighs spoken dialogue during its two-and-a-half-hour run time,\u201d writes Winkler. The individual songs also reference earlier music traditions: Carlotta\u2019s \u201cPrima Donna\u201d is reminiscent of a Straussian waltz; <em>Phantom<\/em>\u2019s own in-universe opera, <em>Don Juan Triumphant<\/em>, nods to Mozart\u2019s precedent while also adopting a more modernist sound; and other tracks draw inspiration from Benjamin Britten and Meyerbeer. And as Winkler notes, \u201cone can plausibly hear <em>Phantom<\/em> as a commercial repackaging of the past, a synthesis of the twin Thatcherite values of traditionalism and capitalism.\u201d These references to opera and classical music did not carry a markedly political tone. Opera was largely perceived as elitist at the time, making it an uneasy fit with the populist rhetoric of 1980s conservatism, so Webber\u2019s references to the repertory could be seen as a way to bridge the gap between past and present while also making a case for opera\u2019s continued importance. <em>Phantom<\/em>\u2019s operatic elements \u201cmay be more sophisticated than <em>Oklahoma!<\/em> and <em>South Pacific<\/em>,\u201d argues Winkler, citing a panel of music critics and performers convened by <em>The New York Times<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\t<div class=\"daily_email_signup weekly-digest \">\n\t\t<h4>Weekly Newsletter<\/h4>\n\t\t\n <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_17' >\n <div class='gform_heading'>\n <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class='gform_required_legend'>"<span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span>" indicates 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value='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' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_17' id='gform_target_page_number_17' value='0' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_17' id='gform_source_page_number_17' value='1' \/>\n <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n \n <\/div>\n <p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>Δ<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_5\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"193\"\/><script>\ndocument.getElementById( \"ak_js_5\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );\n<\/script>\n<\/p><\/form>\n <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>The divide in how <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/paid-applauders-paris-opera-claques\/\">audiences<\/a> and critics received these operatic references was straightforward. For those who enjoyed <em>Phantom<\/em>‘s music, \u201cLloyd Webber’s adoption of an operatic idiom was a comforting sign that ‘high’ culture could survive without government subsidy in Reagan\/Thatcher’s unforgiving commercial marketplace, and that broad audiences might still derive pleasure from the music of a latter-day Puccini,\u201d writes Winkler. By contrast, for those who did not, \u201cIt was precisely Lloyd Webber’s commercialism (associated with the unbridled capitalism of the Reagan\/Thatcher era) and the score’s accessibility and popular appeal that were so problematic.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, this debate served as a time capsule of the 1980s musical scene. Starting in the following decade, megamusicals such as Webber\u2019s most notable productions declined in both commercial and critical success, giving way to <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/juke-in-the-box\/\">jukebox<\/a> musicals, musical adaptations of Disney classics, and irreverent subversions of the genre.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The hit musical became a battleground for competing ideas about capitalism, artistic value, and commercial theater.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":323,"featured_media":338073,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,5240],"tags":[133,592],"class_list":["post-337972","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts","category-performing-arts","tag-capitalism","tag-opera","pub_tag-cambridge-opera-journal","daily_article_types-quick-reads"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Culture Wars of The Phantom of the Opera - JSTOR Daily<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The hit musical became a battleground for competing ideas about capitalism, artistic value, and commercial theater.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/the-culture-wars-of-the-phantom-of-the-opera\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Culture Wars of The Phantom of the Opera - JSTOR Daily\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The hit musical became a battleground for competing ideas about capitalism, artistic value, and commercial theater.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/the-culture-wars-of-the-phantom-of-the-opera\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"JSTOR Daily\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JSTOR.org\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-08-20T13:32:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/the_culture_wars_of_phantom_of_the_opera_1050x700.jpg\" 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Did All the Public Bathrooms Go?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Here\u2019s a pop quiz for you: What purpose did this little kiosk serve?<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_338098\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-338098\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-338098 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/where_did_all_the_public_bathrooms_go_1_900.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"1398\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-338098\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Charles_Marville,_Promenades_de_Paris_-_Kiosques_2,_ca._1866\u201370.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>It\u2019s quite a pretty little building\u2014note the delicate grilles, the ornately etched glass, and the little bouquet of metal flowers bursting from the roof.<\/p>\n<p>But of course, there is one key clue missing from the photograph: the smell. Or rather, the <em>stench<\/em>. This was one of Paris\u2019s infamous public urinals\u2014a <em>pissoir<\/em> (or <em>vespasienne<\/em>, if you\u2019re inclined to be polite).<\/p>\n<p>There was a moment around the mid-1800s in Paris when public urination began to be treated as a public health issue. A series of devastating <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41035641\">cholera outbreaks<\/a> led people to begin regarding human waste as a danger rather than a mere nuisance. Something had to be done.<\/p>\n\t\t<aside class=\"pull-quote center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pull-quote__text\"><em>Pissoirs<\/em> looked like little palaces, crusted with iron flowers, shells, and scrolls\u2014even, in some cases, tiny lions\u2019 heads, glaring out as if to guard your back while you\u2019re in the booth.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/aside>\n\t\t\n<p>Before that point, authorities had installed <em>empeche pipi<\/em> here and there\u2014a kind of hostile architecture meant to prevent rogue peeing. This might take the form of a row of iron spikes blocking an enticing corner, or a piece of bullnose masonry meant to send the stream shooting back onto the offender\u2019s shoes.<\/p>\n<p>The most these interventions could do was shunt prospective pee-ers from one spot to another. But, in 1850, public urination was actually banned. People were going to need somewhere to go.<\/p>\n<p>Enter the <em>pissoir<\/em>. When you can\u2019t smell them, it\u2019s easy to wish they were still around. Nowadays, public restrooms are utilitarian at best, but these looked like little palaces, crusted with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41809981\">iron flowers, shells, and scrolls<\/a>\u2014even, in some cases, tiny lions\u2019 heads, glaring out as if to guard your back while you\u2019re in the booth. On the other hand, the greatest concession most of them made to privacy was a little iron screen separating the user from the street.<\/p>\n<div class=\"slick-slider-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"slick-slider slick-slider--size-full\" id=\"slick-slider-1\" data-slick='{\"showCaption\":true,\"adaptiveHeight\":true,\"dots\":true,\"fade\":true,\"lazyLoad\":\"progressive\"}'>\n<div class=\"slide\" data-attachment-id=\"338105\">\n<div class=\"slide__inner\">\n<img width=\"1050\" height=\"792\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Enclosed six-stall urinal, Jardin de la Bourse, Place de la Bourse, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, circa 1865\" data-lazy=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/where_did_all_the_public_bathrooms_go_8_1050.jpg\" \/>\n<div class=\"slide__caption\">\nEnclosed six-stall urinal, Jardin de la Bourse, Place de la Bourse, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, circa 1865, via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Urinoir_envelopp\u00e9_\u00e0_six_stalles,_jardin_de_la_Bourse,_place_de_la_Bourse,_2\u00e8me_arrondissement,_Paris._PH4147.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"slide\" data-attachment-id=\"338099\">\n<div class=\"slide__inner\">\n<img width=\"1050\" height=\"792\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Single stall urinal with raised modesty screen, Square des Batignolles, Paris, circa 1865\" data-lazy=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/where_did_all_the_public_bathrooms_go_2_1050.jpg\" \/>\n<div class=\"slide__caption\">\nSingle stall urinal with raised modesty screen, Square des Batignolles, Paris, circa 1865, via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Charles_Marville,_Urinoir_\u00e0_1_stalle_avec_\u00e9cran_\u00e9lev\u00e9,_Square_des_Batignolles,_ca._1865.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"slide\" data-attachment-id=\"338101\">\n<div class=\"slide__inner\">\n<img width=\"1050\" height=\"792\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Slate cubicle with two stalls and doors, on curb of footpath\" data-lazy=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/where_did_all_the_public_bathrooms_go_4_1050.jpg\" \/>\n<div class=\"slide__caption\">\nSlate cubicle with two stalls and doors, on curb of footpath, Place du Louvre, Paris, circa 1865, via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Charles_Marville,_Urinoir_en_ardoise_\u00e0_2_stalles,_Place_Saint-Germain_L%27Auxerrois,_ca._1865.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"slide\" data-attachment-id=\"338103\">\n<div class=\"slide__inner\">\n<img width=\"1050\" height=\"792\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Cast iron urinal with lamp post and lantern, Paris, 1876\" data-lazy=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/where_did_all_the_public_bathrooms_go_6_1050.jpg\" \/>\n<div class=\"slide__caption\">\nCast iron urinal with lamp post and lantern, Paris, 1876, via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Charles_Marville,_Urinoir_syst\u00e8me_Jennings,_Plateau_de_l%27Ambigu,_ca._1865.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"slide\" data-attachment-id=\"338100\">\n<div class=\"slide__inner\">\n<img width=\"1050\" height=\"793\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Single stall masonry urinal mounted with globe and advertising on sides\" data-lazy=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/where_did_all_the_public_bathrooms_go_3_1050.jpg\" \/>\n<div class=\"slide__caption\">\nSingle stall masonry urinal mounted with globe and advertising on sides, circa 1865, via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Charles_Marville,_Urinoir_\u00e0_1_stalle_maconnerie,_Cie_Drouart_Boulevarts_Int\u00e9rieurs,_ca._1865.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"slide\" data-attachment-id=\"338104\">\n<div class=\"slide__inner\">\n<img width=\"1050\" height=\"792\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Eight-stall urinal, cast iron and slate with shrubbery screen, Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es Gardens, in front of the Palais de l'Industrie, 8th arrondissement, Paris, circa 1873\" data-lazy=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/where_did_all_the_public_bathrooms_go_7_1050.jpg\" \/>\n<div class=\"slide__caption\">\nEight-stall urinal, cast iron and slate with shrubbery screen, Champs-\u00c9lys\u00e9es Gardens, in front of the Palais de l'Industrie, 8th arrondissement, Paris, circa 1873, via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Urinoir_\u00e0_8_Stalles,_fonte_et_ardoise_avec_\u00e9cran_d%27arbustes_(Champs-Elys\u00e9es),_PH2745.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"slide\" data-attachment-id=\"338102\">\n<div class=\"slide__inner\">\n<img width=\"1050\" height=\"792\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"Cast iron urinal on curb of street, advertising on panels of urinal walls, Paris, circa 1865\" data-lazy=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/where_did_all_the_public_bathrooms_go_5_1050.jpg\" \/>\n<div class=\"slide__caption\">\nCast iron urinal on curb of street, advertising on panels of urinal walls, Paris, circa 1865, via <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Charles_Marville,_Urinoir_lumineux_\u00e0_3_stalles,_Soci\u00e9t\u00e9_Parisienne_de_Publicit\u00e9,_ca._1865.jpg\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Some were surmounted by glowing streetlamps, which served the joint purpose of making them easy to find and illuminating the advertisements with which they were liberally pasted. (Apparently, the perfumers and winemakers weren\u2019t worried about unsavory associations with their product.)<\/p>\n<p>Notably, they were only intended for use by men. The assumption was that women weren\u2019t really much of a part of public life, and so wouldn\u2019t need a way to relieve themselves while out on the street\u2014kind of a self-fulfilling prophecy, if you think about it.<\/p>\n<p>There was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3600460\">another use<\/a> for the <em>pissoir<\/em>, which took their designers quite by surprise. Almost immediately, they became the favored meeting spot for men seeking rendezvous with one another. They were relatively private, secluded, and perfect for communicating anonymously with graffiti\u2014the ideal release valve for a population that was prohibited from meeting publicly.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"daily-explore story-list more-to-explore bg-color-gray\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"story-list-header\">More to Explore<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease image-left default \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__featured-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/early-doctors-diagnosed-disease-by-looking-at-urine\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/early_doctors_diagnosed_disease_by_looking_at_urine_1050x700.jpg\" class=\" wp-post-image\" alt=\"A chemist examining a flask of urine\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/early-doctors-diagnosed-disease-by-looking-at-urine\/\">Early Doctors Diagnosed Disease by Looking at Urine<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"byline\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/daily-author\/morgan-godvin\/\">Morgan Godvin<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMarch 24, 2023\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subtitle\">When uroscopy became trendy, it caused a minor scandal within the early medical profession. <\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<p>In \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/41035641\">Dirty Desire: The Uses and Misuses of Public Urinals in Nineteenth-Century Paris<\/a>\u201d sociologist Andrew Israel Ross tracks the contested terrain of the urinal, writing:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>[T]he case of the public urinals ultimately shows that the meaning of modern urban life emerged in a constantly shifting dialogue between those who conceived and built the city and those who ultimately used it. The tendency of the built environment to exceed the control of those who conceived it \u2026 is a distinguishing feature of modern urban life.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The crackdown followed swiftly. The police started patrolling particularly popular urinals. So did blackmailers, for whom merely stepping into a urinal was enough to launch a harassment campaign.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, in the United States, toilets were becoming a centerpiece in yet another hot-button issue: temperance. In the absence of other options, saloons had become the de facto public bathroom network for most major cities\u2014which meant that anyone who needed to empty their bladder was regularly exposed to the enticements of drink.<\/p>\n\n\t<div class=\"daily_email_signup weekly-digest \">\n\t\t<h4>Weekly Newsletter<\/h4>\n\t\t\n <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_17' >\n <div class='gform_heading'>\n <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class='gform_required_legend'>"<span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span>" indicates required fields<\/p>\n <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data' id='gform_17' action='\/?after=2026-08-06T00%3A00%3A00&page=3&rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts' data-formid='17' novalidate>\n <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_17' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below 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value='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' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_17' id='gform_target_page_number_17' value='0' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_17' id='gform_source_page_number_17' value='1' \/>\n <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n \n <\/div>\n <p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>Δ<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_6\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"117\"\/><script>\ndocument.getElementById( \"ak_js_6\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );\n<\/script>\n<\/p><\/form>\n <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>As historian Peter C. Baldwin documents in \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/43306014\">Public Privacy: Restrooms in American Cities, 1869\u20131932,<\/a>\u201d temperance advocates made fighting for public bathrooms one of their priorities. After all, once the saloons were shut down, people would still need somewhere to go. Baldwin quotes a 1913 <em>Chicago Tribune<\/em> article:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Why are we compelled to run the gauntlet past the beer bar, the bartender, and subject to the searching glance of this white-aproned gentleman, until in shame we start to spend money for booze?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Rather than small, minimally private public urinals, temperance activists advocated for large, many-stalled \u201ccomfort stations.\u201d But there was a surprising side effect: the privately owned restrooms started to close their gates. (After all, there were public bathrooms available now, so why shouldn\u2019t they only allow in paying customers?)<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, as Prohibition played out, the project of constructing public bathrooms slowed to a trickle, and the few that had been built began to fall into disrepair.<\/p>\n<p>The large, underground comfort stations of the early twentieth century are<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>almost all gone now throughout the United States. City pedestrians are usually forced to rely on facilities in semi-private buildings such as hotels, stores, restaurants, and coffee shops. Instead of a right conferred by government on all citizens, bodily privacy is a purchasable commodity. Even if provided free of charge, the use of the toilet is understood to be the result of an agreement between an individual and a business. It is an awkward, grudging agreement, inflected by judgments of the individual’s social status.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>If you\u2019ve ever been wandering the streets of Chicago or New York, wondering why there\u2019s no place to pee, this history is part of the answer.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"daily-explore story-list for-the-classroom bg-color-navy\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"story-list-header\">For the Classroom<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"description\"><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Men seeking same-sex encounters transformed the <em>pissoir<\/em> into something its planners never intended. Who ultimately determines the meaning of a public space: its designers, authorities, or the people who use it?<\/li>\n<li>The article describes <em>empeche pipi<\/em> as an early form of hostile architecture. What assumptions about human behavior distinguish architecture designed to prevent an activity from infrastructure designed to accommodate it?<\/li>\n<li>What kinds of historical sources would allow us to reconstruct the experiences of people who actually used nineteenth-century public toilets, rather than the intentions of officials who designed and regulated them?<\/li>\n<li>Why did temperance advocates in the United States view public restrooms as part of the campaign against alcohol? What does that connection reveal about the unexpected ways infrastructure can influence social behavior?<\/li>\n<li>The article ends by describing bodily privacy as a \u201cpurchasable commodity\u201d in many American cities. How does the history of public toilets complicate the distinction between public rights and private services?<\/li>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/teaching-and-learning-resources-from-jstor-daily\/\">Explore more classroom resources from JSTOR Daily.<\/a><\/ul>\n<p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nineteenth-century Paris tackled public urination with ornate <em>pissoirs<\/em>. American reformers later turned toilets into a temperance cause.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":279,"featured_media":338107,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,11140],"tags":[2521,3716],"class_list":["post-337486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","category-quirky-history","tag-paris","tag-temperance","daily_column-cabinet-of-curiosities","pub_tag-berkeley-journal-of-sociology","pub_tag-callaloo","pub_tag-journal-of-social-history","pub_tag-oxford-art-journal","daily_article_types-column"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Where Did All the Public Bathrooms Go? - JSTOR Daily<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nineteenth-century Paris tackled public urination with ornate pissoirs. 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An alternative lens popularized in the 1990s by autism rights activist Judy Singer is \u201cneurodiversity.\u201d Autism researcher Patrick Dwyer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/27139651\">looks at what this framework could offer professionals working with autistic people and others with differences in neurodevelopment<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Dwyer advocates for a view of neurodiversity that has room for both social factors and individual impairments that may be addressed with treatment, as well as for the idea that neurodivergences can come with strengths. This allows for responses that involve changing the environment and\/or helping an individual adapt to their surroundings. For example, responses to ADHD may include offering stimulant medications to help with focus and also removing distractions.<\/p>\n\t\t<aside class=\"pull-quote center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pull-quote__text\">Parents who view their autistic children through a deficit lens may be more likely to pursue ineffective and dangerous pseudoscientific treatments.<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/aside>\n\t\t\n<p>Dwyer argues that it\u2019s crucial for neurodivergent people themselves to be the ones deciding which approach to take, to the extent possible. He also distinguishes between interventions to promote well-being and those that aim purely at making people behave more neurotypically, such as trying to suppress harmless autistic \u201cstims\u201d like arm-flapping.<\/p>\n<p>One controversy around the neurodiversity approach involves its application to people with what\u2019s sometimes (controversially) referred to as \u201csevere\u201d or \u201clow-functioning\u201d autism. Parents and caregivers of intellectually disabled or non-speaking autistic people sometimes argue that neurodivergent self-advocates with low support needs can\u2019t speak for those with disabilities that affect their daily lives in more profound ways.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"daily-explore story-list more-to-explore bg-color-gray\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"story-list-header\">More to Explore<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease image-left default \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__featured-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/rethinking-love-and-autism\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/rethinking_love_and_autism_1050x700.jpg\" class=\" wp-post-image\" alt=\"Two heart-shaped balloons against a pink background\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/rethinking-love-and-autism\/\">Rethinking Love and Autism<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"byline\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/daily-author\/farah-mohammed\/\">Farah Mohammed<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFebruary 14, 2019\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subtitle\">Scholars question the common conception that people with Autism Spectrum Disorder don't experience love like neurotypical people do.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<p>But Dwyer suggests that, in practice, the medical model is often simply inapplicable to people with high support needs. For example, there is no pill to help people gain language abilities. Instead, the best-proven <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/an-app-for-autism\/\">interventions<\/a> are environmental supports like communication tablets and assistance with daily tasks.<\/p>\n<p>Dwyer also argues that a strength-based approach among clinicians, parents, and autistic people themselves can help people with high support needs find the approaches that make most sense for them. Parents who view their autistic children through a deficit lens may be more likely to pursue ineffective and dangerous pseudoscientific treatments.<\/p>\n\n\t<div class=\"daily_email_signup weekly-digest \">\n\t\t<h4>Weekly Newsletter<\/h4>\n\t\t\n <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_17' >\n <div class='gform_heading'>\n <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class='gform_required_legend'>"<span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span>" indicates required fields<\/p>\n <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data' id='gform_17' action='\/?after=2026-08-06T00%3A00%3A00&page=3&rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts' data-formid='17' novalidate>\n <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_17' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><div id=\"field_17_6\" class=\"gfield 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value='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' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_17' id='gform_target_page_number_17' value='0' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_17' id='gform_source_page_number_17' value='1' \/>\n <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n \n <\/div>\n <p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>Δ<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_7\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"126\"\/><script>\ndocument.getElementById( \"ak_js_7\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );\n<\/script>\n<\/p><\/form>\n <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>Meanwhile, for researchers, Dwyer\u2019s neurodiversity approach includes focusing more on environmental factors, which have often been neglected in favor of biological ones, and considering how strengths related to atypical development may help in areas like employment. It also involves looking to autistic self-advocates and conversations within autistic communities for guidance on research directions to pursue. This might include more focus on autistic experiences of sensory overload and meltdowns, as well as the value and pleasure to be found in hyperfocus and intense interest in particular topics.<\/p>\n<p>One stark example here is that, historically, researchers often incorrectly painted autistic people as lacking <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/empathy-and-imagery-jstor-daily-reads-the-news\/\">empathy<\/a> or even the <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/rethinking-love-and-autism\/\">ability to love<\/a>. Criticism by autistic individuals led to further research that has found neurotypical researchers may simply fail to see how autistic empathy manifests itself\u2014ironically due to their own lack of empathy for autistic perspectives.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autism researcher Patrick Dwyer examines how the neurodiversity movement is influencing autism research and clinical decision-making.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":337995,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[5708,2306],"tags":[7335,11450],"class_list":["post-337644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-science","tag-autism","tag-disability-studies","pub_tag-human-development","daily_article_types-quick-reads"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - 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Neurodiversity, autism acceptance. Differences in personality characteristics. An inclusive, understanding society. Vector illustration in colorful pop art style."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/neurodiversity-in-the-clinic\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Neurodiversity in the Clinic"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/","name":"JSTOR Daily","description":"from JSTOR, nonprofit library for the intellectually curious","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/#organization","name":"JSTOR Daily","url":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/J_Daily-Logo_04_350w.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/J_Daily-Logo_04_350w.png","width":351,"height":111,"caption":"JSTOR Daily"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JSTOR.org","https:\/\/x.com\/JSTOR_Daily"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/#\/schema\/person\/fd0bdc07f162fa2dc848f01315000b35","name":"Livia Gershon","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0f925a562eed87157d411c648af3fe3fa7a44c55681d83568eaa525186c68b49?s=96&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0f925a562eed87157d411c648af3fe3fa7a44c55681d83568eaa525186c68b49?s=96&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0f925a562eed87157d411c648af3fe3fa7a44c55681d83568eaa525186c68b49?s=96&d=wp_user_avatar&r=g","caption":"Livia Gershon"},"description":"Livia Gershon is a freelance writer in Nashua, New Hampshire. Her writing has appeared in publications including Salon, Aeon Magazine and the Good Men Project. Contact her on Twitter @liviagershon."}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=337644"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337644\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":337946,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337644\/revisions\/337946"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/337995"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=337644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=337644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=337644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":337812,"date":"2026-08-17T09:29:58","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T13:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/?p=337812"},"modified":"2026-07-31T16:52:52","modified_gmt":"2026-07-31T20:52:52","slug":"ancient-rome-a-city-of-immigrants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/ancient-rome-a-city-of-immigrants\/","title":{"rendered":"Ancient Rome: A City of Immigrants"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span>Big cities bring together peoples from near <i>and<\/i> far. Magnets for internal migrants and gateways for immigrants, such places tend toward heterogeneity, with spaces for marginalized communities\u2014a pattern that is not just a characteristic of the modern era.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26877112\">Ancient Rome was a city of immigrants<\/a>,\u201d writes historian Ryan R. Abrecht, \u201ca pre-modern metropolis of perhaps a million people at its height, most of them immigrants or the descendants of immigrants.\u201d<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Modern historians overwhelmingly agree that immigration profoundly shaped Rome\u2019s demographics and history, yet some have argued that there was little sense of immigrant <i>community<\/i> at Rome. In this view, ties between foreigners in the city were weak and mostly ephemeral, even if they shared a common homeland, language or set of religious beliefs.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Abrecht goes on to argue that this was <i>not<\/i> the case at the neighborhood level, at least in Transtiberim. By the first century CE, the Roman district \u201cbeyond the Tiber\u201d had become what we would now call an immigrant neighborhood, a veritable \u201cLittle Middle East.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>This district was the heart of Rome\u2019s Jewish and Syrian communities, inhabited for centuries by generations of immigrants from the eastern Mediterranean and their descendants. These residents maintained traditions, languages and customs from home, and participated in civic institutions that helped foster community at the local level.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Founded in the 8th century BCE, Rome was initially confined to the <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/venus-of-the-sewers\/\">Tiber\u2019s<\/a> eastern shore. The area west of the river only came under Roman rule in 396 BCE after the defeat of the Etruscans. The west bank was named for its location in relation to the city center. Four centuries later, <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/fascist-architecture-in-rome\/\">Augustus<\/a> incorporated Transtiberim as one of the imperial city\u2019s fourteen administrative districts. In addition to being isolated by the river, <i>Regio XIV<\/i> was also beyond the <i>pomerium<\/i>, or religious boundary. This meant unofficial gods\u2014including those of the Jews, Syrians, and later Christians\u2014could be worshipped there. It also meant bodies could be buried there, an important factor for archaeology because of the longevity of funerary inscriptions.<\/p>\n\t\t<aside class=\"pull-quote center\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"pull-quote__text\">The neighborhood was mocked in satires and condemned for its \u201cpanhandlers, prostitutes and desperate people with nowhere else to go.\u201d<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/aside>\n\t\t\n<p>Transtiberim was where \u201cnoxious or dangerous industries deliberately kept at a distance from central Rome\u201d were located. These included tanning, glassmaking, potting, milling, brick-making and shipping facilities. All these made the neighborhood vibrant and utterly essential to the enormous city.<\/p>\n<p>To elites, who provide almost all the written documentation except for funerary inscriptions, Transtiberim was dangerous, d\u00e9class\u00e9, and working class (to use later jargon). Strange gods were worshipped there\u2014worship of the Syrian goddess Atargatis by \u201ccross-dressing eunuch priests\u201d who practiced ritual castration was banned more than once. The neighborhood was mocked in satires and condemned for its \u201cpanhandlers, prostitutes and desperate people with nowhere else to go.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"daily-explore story-list more-to-explore bg-color-gray\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"story-list-header\">More to Explore<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease image-left default \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__featured-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/bread-circuses-baths-bathing-in-rome-the-public-way\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/bread_circuses_baths_bathing_in_rome_the_public_way_1050x700.jpg\" class=\" wp-post-image\" alt=\"Cross-section illustration of the Baths of Diocletian by French architect Edmond Paulin, 1880\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/bread-circuses-baths-bathing-in-rome-the-public-way\/\">Bread, Circuses, Baths: Bathing in Rome, the Public Way<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"byline\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/daily-author\/matthew-wills\/\">Matthew Wills<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDecember 8, 2025\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subtitle\">By the fourth century CE, Rome had some 856 privately owned public baths, the grounds of which served as civic gardens adorned with sculptures.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<p>But the \u201cwrong\u201d side of the river was also home,<i> <\/i>a community<i>.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Rome\u2019s Jewish community \u201cis one of the oldest in the world, likely originating in the second century BCE.\u201d Unlike in later periods, Transtiberim wasn\u2019t the place Jews were <i>required<\/i> to live (as in the medieval Venetian <i>ghetto<\/i>), but as Abrecht notes \u201cthere were undoubtedly advantages of living together.\u201d There were also disadvantages: \u201ctargeting Jews would also have been especially easy if a large portion of the community was already clustered on the margins of the city.\u201d<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u201cMany Roman Jews came from Hellenized diaspora communities that used Greek for everyday speech,\u201d writes Abrecht. Syrians were also often fluent in Greek. \u201cTies of ethnicity, language and religion helped the Jews and Syrians of Transtiberim forge social bonds.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Abrecht explains that the Latin term\u00a0<i>Syrus<\/i> was \u201cambiguous in ancient literature.\u201d It could mean specifically those from the province of Syria (annexed by Rome in 64 BCE) and\/or nearby Phoenicia, Palestine, or Arabia. These could be Semitic peoples or descendants of Greek settlers in that region. With intermarriage common, Syrian identity was \u201cfluid and situational.\u201d<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"><\/span><\/p>\n\n\t<div class=\"daily_email_signup weekly-digest \">\n\t\t<h4>Weekly Newsletter<\/h4>\n\t\t\n <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_17' >\n <div class='gform_heading'>\n <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class='gform_required_legend'>"<span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span>" indicates required fields<\/p>\n <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data' id='gform_17' action='\/?after=2026-08-06T00%3A00%3A00&page=3&rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts' data-formid='17' novalidate>\n <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_17' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><div id=\"field_17_6\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-honeypot gform_validation_container field_sublabel_below gfield--has-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_6'><span class='gform-field-label__text'>LinkedIn<\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container'><input name='input_6' id='input_17_6' type='text' value='' autocomplete='new-password'\/><\/div><div class='gfield_description' id='gfield_description_17_6'>This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged.<\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_17_2\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-html gfield--input-type-html gfield--width-full gfield_html gfield_html_formatted gfield_no_follows_desc field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\" ><p>Get your fix of JSTOR Daily\u2019s best stories in your inbox each Thursday.<\/p><\/div><div id=\"field_17_3\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text 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gfield--input-type-select gfield--width-half gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_5'><span class='gform-field-label__text'>What best describes you?<\/span><span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_select'><select name='input_5' id='input_17_5' class='large gfield_select' aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" ><option value='Other' >Reader<\/option><option value='Student' >Student<\/option><option value='Undergraduate Student' >Undergraduate Student<\/option><option value='Graduate Student' >Graduate Student<\/option><option value='Instructor\/Faculty' >Instructor\/Faculty<\/option><option value='Librarian' >Librarian<\/option><option value='Researcher' >Researcher<\/option><\/select><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n <div class='gform-footer gform_footer top_label'> <button type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_17' class='gform_button button' onclick='gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);' data-submission-type='submit' >Subscribe<\/button> \n <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submission_method' data-js='gform_submission_method_17' value='postback' \/>\n <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_theme' data-js='gform_theme_17' id='gform_theme_17' value='gravity-theme' \/>\n <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_style_settings' data-js='gform_style_settings_17' id='gform_style_settings_17' value='[]' \/>\n <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_17' value='1' \/>\n <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='17' \/>\n \n <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_currency' data-currency='USD' 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value='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' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_17' id='gform_target_page_number_17' value='0' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_17' id='gform_source_page_number_17' value='1' \/>\n <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n \n <\/div>\n <p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>Δ<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_8\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"146\"\/><script>\ndocument.getElementById( \"ak_js_8\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );\n<\/script>\n<\/p><\/form>\n <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>\u201cThe immigrants of Transtiberim managed to carve out places for themselves and their children at the heart of the <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/tag\/ancient-rome\/\">Roman Empire<\/a>. In doing so, they helped to expand the idea of what it meant to be residents of the imperial city and, more broadly, to be Roman.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Transtiberim is known as Trastevere today. Perhaps not coincidental to its history, Trastevere<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> has long been Rome\u2019s bohemian neighborhood. The energetic margins may be condemned by the masters of cities, but cities would not be the same without them.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A neighborhood beyond the Tiber became home to generations of Jewish and Syrian migrants who reshaped the imperial capital.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":337992,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,11137],"tags":[4210,839],"class_list":["post-337812","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics","category-world-history","tag-ancient-rome","tag-immigration","pub_tag-urban-history","daily_article_types-quick-reads"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ancient Rome: A City of Immigrants - JSTOR Daily<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A neighborhood beyond the Tiber became home to generations of Jewish and Syrian migrants who reshaped the imperial capital.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/ancient-rome-a-city-of-immigrants\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ancient Rome: A City of Immigrants - 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He has published in Poetry, Huffington Post, and Nature Conservancy Magazine, among other places, and blogs regularly about urban natural history at matthewwills.com.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/matthew.wills.9465\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Ancient Rome: A City of Immigrants - JSTOR Daily","description":"A neighborhood beyond the Tiber became home to generations of Jewish and Syrian migrants who reshaped the imperial capital.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/ancient-rome-a-city-of-immigrants\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Ancient Rome: A City of Immigrants - JSTOR Daily","og_description":"A neighborhood beyond the Tiber became home to generations of Jewish and Syrian migrants who reshaped the imperial capital.","og_url":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/ancient-rome-a-city-of-immigrants\/","og_site_name":"JSTOR Daily","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/JSTOR.org","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/matthew.wills.9465","article_published_time":"2026-08-17T13:29:58+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1050,"height":700,"url":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ancient_rome_a_city_of_immigrants_1050x700.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Matthew Wills","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@JSTOR_Daily","twitter_site":"@JSTOR_Daily","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/ancient-rome-a-city-of-immigrants\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/ancient-rome-a-city-of-immigrants\/"},"author":{"name":"Matthew Wills","@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/#\/schema\/person\/79555175827fa94c76561265141d66e7"},"headline":"Ancient Rome: A City of Immigrants","datePublished":"2026-08-17T13:29:58+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/ancient-rome-a-city-of-immigrants\/"},"wordCount":777,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/ancient-rome-a-city-of-immigrants\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ancient_rome_a_city_of_immigrants_1050x700.jpg","keywords":["Ancient Rome","immigration"],"articleSection":["Politics & History","World History"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/ancient-rome-a-city-of-immigrants\/","url":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/ancient-rome-a-city-of-immigrants\/","name":"Ancient Rome: A City of Immigrants - 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He has published in Poetry, Huffington Post, and Nature Conservancy Magazine, among other places, and blogs regularly about urban natural history at matthewwills.com.","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/matthew.wills.9465"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337812","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=337812"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337812\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":337994,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/337812\/revisions\/337994"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/337992"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=337812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=337812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=337812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}},{"id":337657,"date":"2026-08-14T09:32:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-14T13:32:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org?p=337657&preview=true&preview_id=337657"},"modified":"2026-08-04T15:02:44","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T19:02:44","slug":"how-to-search-jstor-with-keywords","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/how-to-search-jstor-with-keywords\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Search JSTOR with Keywords"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Whether you’re just beginning a research project or refining an existing topic, a thoughtful search strategy can save time and lead you to more relevant sources.\u00a0Effective searching begins with keywords\u2014the words and phrases that capture the core concepts of your <a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/asking-scholarly-questions-with-jstor-daily\/\">research question<\/a> and that guide your entire research process. To identify them, look at your research question and brainstorm the main ideas. You can also think of them as the nouns in your question. Keywords can be a single word or multiple words.<\/p>\n<p>Once you have your keywords, you\u2019ll want to brainstorm alternative terms or synonyms for your keywords. These will help to expand your search if your original keywords are too limiting, or make it more precise if your original keywords are too broad.<\/p>\n<p>After you have your keywords and alternative terms, you\u2019re ready to search. Rather than typing your entire research question into the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\">JSTOR search bar<\/a>, use your keywords to guide your research. This tells the search system exactly what you want to find.<\/p>\n<h2>Keyword Search Tips<\/h2>\n<p>If your keywords contain multiple words, type them within quotation marks. This is called exact phrase searching and it tells the search system to search for the exact term within the quotation marks. For example, if your keyword is <em>Shell shock <\/em>and you type it without quotation marks, you may get results with the word <em>shell <\/em>at the beginning of a document and <em>shock<\/em> at the end, and they could have nothing to do with each other. But if you type <em>\u201cShell shock\u201d, <\/em>you\u2019ll get results that include that exact phrase.<\/p>\n<p>Truncation, or shortening, is a way to expand your search and retrieve results that begin with the same string of letters. It can save you from having to type multiple, similar keywords. To use it, type the first few letters of your keyword and end it with an asterisk (*). This tells the search system to fill in the rest of the keyword. For example, if I type <em>Amer*<\/em> into the search system, I may get results like <em>America, American, Americans,<\/em> or I could get any number of words that begin with the letters <em>A-M-E-R<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>A wildcard search uses a question mark (?) in place of a letter to let the search system fill in the missing letter. For example, if I type <em>wom?n, <\/em>I could get results like <em>women, woman, or womyn.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Searching with Multiple Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Searching with a single keyword will likely return thousands of results. Realistically, there\u2019s no way you can sift through all of that information. To be more precise in your search, you can combine keywords.<\/p>\n<p>To combine keywords, use a logic connector called a Boolean operator. Use the words \u201cAND,\u201d \u201cOR,\u201d or \u201cNOT\u201d to combine or omit keywords in your search.<\/p>\n<p>If you want the search system to look for multiple specific keywords at the same time, type \u201cAND\u201d between each keyword. This tells the search system to retrieve results that contain every keyword.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"daily-explore story-list more-to-explore bg-color-gray\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"story-list-header\">More to Explore<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease image-left default \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__featured-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/browsing-for-images-search-filters-are-your-friend\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1050\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/how_to_browse_for_images_using_filters_2_1050x700.jpg\" class=\" wp-post-image\" alt=\"Astrology: various constellations. Coloured engraving by S. Hall.\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"article-tease__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/browsing-for-images-search-filters-are-your-friend\/\">Browsing for Images? Search Filters Are Your Friend<\/a><\/h3>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"byline\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/daily-author\/virginia-seymour\/\">Virginia Seymour<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\t\t\t\t<div class=\"article-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\tJune 29, 2023\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"subtitle\">The images that stick with us the most tend to be those we find by chance. That\u2019s where search filters come in.<\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<p>If you want the search system to search for multiple alternative terms, type \u201cOR\u201d between each keyword. This will tell the search system to present results containing any of the keywords listed.<\/p>\n<p>If you want to omit keywords, type \u201cNOT\u201d and follow it with the keywords you don\u2019t want to see in the results. The search system will omit any results with the word, or words, following \u201cNOT.\u201d Because of this, it\u2019s important to list these keywords last.<\/p>\n\n\t<div class=\"daily_email_signup weekly-digest \">\n\t\t<h4>Weekly Newsletter<\/h4>\n\t\t\n <div class='gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework' data-form-theme='gravity-theme' data-form-index='0' id='gform_wrapper_17' >\n <div class='gform_heading'>\n <p class='gform_description'><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class='gform_required_legend'>"<span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span>" indicates required fields<\/p>\n <\/div><form method='post' enctype='multipart\/form-data' id='gform_17' action='\/?after=2026-08-06T00%3A00%3A00&page=3&rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts' data-formid='17' novalidate>\n <div class='gform-body gform_body'><div id='gform_fields_17' class='gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below'><div id=\"field_17_6\" 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gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-half gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_3'><span class='gform-field-label__text'>First name<\/span><span class=\"gfield_required\"><span class=\"gfield_required gfield_required_asterisk\">*<\/span><\/span><\/label><div class='ginput_container ginput_container_text'><input name='input_3' id='input_17_3' type='text' value='' class='large' aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" \/><\/div><\/div><div id=\"field_17_4\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-text gfield--input-type-text gfield--width-half gfield_contains_required field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible\" ><label class='gfield_label gform-field-label' for='input_17_4'><span class='gform-field-label__text'>Last name<\/span><span 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>Researcher<\/option><\/select><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n <div class='gform-footer gform_footer top_label'> <button type='submit' id='gform_submit_button_17' class='gform_button button' onclick='gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);' data-submission-type='submit' >Subscribe<\/button> \n <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submission_method' data-js='gform_submission_method_17' value='postback' \/>\n <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_theme' data-js='gform_theme_17' id='gform_theme_17' value='gravity-theme' \/>\n <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_style_settings' data-js='gform_style_settings_17' id='gform_style_settings_17' value='[]' \/>\n <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='is_submit_17' value='1' \/>\n <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_submit' value='17' \/>\n \n <input type='hidden' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_currency' data-currency='USD' 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value='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' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_target_page_number_17' id='gform_target_page_number_17' value='0' \/>\n <input type='hidden' autocomplete='off' class='gform_hidden' name='gform_source_page_number_17' id='gform_source_page_number_17' value='1' \/>\n <input type='hidden' name='gform_field_values' value='' \/>\n \n <\/div>\n <p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"ak_\"><label>Δ<textarea name=\"ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_9\" name=\"ak_js\" value=\"155\"\/><script>\ndocument.getElementById( \"ak_js_9\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );\n<\/script>\n<\/p><\/form>\n <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<p>You can use multiple Boolean operators at the same time by nesting your keywords in a single search. To do this, group similar keywords or concepts together within parentheses and follow it with the additional keywords you want to search for or avoid. For example, if I was researching shell shock in American soldiers during World War I, but kept getting results about British soldiers, I could search: (“Shell shock” OR PTSD OR neurasthenia) AND (“Great War” OR WWI OR “World War I”) AND America NOT Britain<\/p>\n<p>Keywords are some of the most vital pieces of your searching process. As you experiment with different combinations of keywords, synonyms, and Boolean operators, you’ll become better at refining your searches and uncovering sources that are most relevant to your topic. Try the searching tips described above and see what you can discover on JSTOR.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Turn a research question into an effective search strategy that delivers more useful scholarly results.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":337990,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8026,6],"tags":[1318,302],"class_list":["post-337657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","category-education-and-society","tag-education","tag-research","daily_series-research-tips","daily_series-teaching-resources","daily_article_types-quick-reads"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Search JSTOR with Keywords - JSTOR Daily<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Turn a research question into an effective search strategy that delivers more useful scholarly results.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/daily.jstor.org\/how-to-search-jstor-with-keywords\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Search JSTOR with Keywords - 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